156 66. ACANTHACE^. iStiohilanthes. 



S. ciliatus, Nees in WalL PL As. Rar. Ill, 85 > Fl. Br. 1. 4. 439 ; 

 Bedd. Jc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 211 ; Wight Ic, t. 1517. Evergreen forests of 

 the Yelhipur taluka of North Kanara. FL Oct., Nov. Leaves with 4-5 pairs 

 of nerves. Peduncles jointed ; leafy, bracteate, glabrous. Stamens 

 exserted. My specimens agree well with the plate in Wight's Icones. 



S. Itipulinus, Nees in Wall. PL As. Rar. III. 85 ; Fl. Br. I. 4. 443 ; S. 

 DaheUii, T. Anders. On the Konkan and North Kanara ghats in moist 

 forests, common near Yellapur, and in the forests near the Ram and Coessi 

 Ghats. FL R.S. Fr. C.S. 



S. Heyneanus, Nees in WaTl. PL As. Rar. III. 85; Fl. Br. I. 4. 

 443; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL 187; S. rugosiis, Wight Ic. t. 1619; 

 S. aaperrimus, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187. ATcra^ M. On the ght'its of 

 the Konkan and North Kanara, common in the evergreen forests between 

 the Nilkund and GairsopjDah ghats. Flowers apparently every year dui'ing 

 Nov., Dec. The bracts are white, glabrous. Corolla blue. A large 

 shrub. I have a small shrub from the Bababude» hills of Mysore, 5,000 

 ft- alt , which has the red bracts and deep blue flowers of S. rucjosus, Wgt. 

 Ic. t. 1G19. Fl. during Aug., Sept. Fr. C.S. 



S. ixiocephalus, Benth. in Flora 1849, p. 557; FL Br. I. 4. 444 ; Bedd. 

 Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 203; S. Neesiainis, Wight; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 

 Fl. 188; ,S'. glutinosus, Grab. Cat. Bomb. PL 162? Throughout the 

 Konkan ghats, common in North Kanara from the coast inland in both 

 evei^reen and deciduous forests, often on laterite. Flowers annually 

 during the cold season. Fr. H.S. A large gregarious shrub, with pale 

 blue or almost white flowers in viscous hairy heads. The branchlets are 

 sometimes clothed Avith long woolly hairs. 



S. scrobiCTilatus, Dalz. MS. FL Br. I. 4. 445. On the higher 

 ghats of the Konkan and North Ktinara, common on the summit of 

 Dursing gudda in the Supa tAluka of North Kanara, 3,400 feet elevation. 

 FL annually Dec, Jany. Fr. Jany., Feb. I have a shi^ub from a lower level 

 (2,000 ft.) in the same taluka, which differs from S. scrobiciilatus, in having 

 longer spikes, larger persistent bracts and much smaller corollas. It 

 grows in the beds of streams or on the rocky banks. FL Fr. Feb., Mch. 



S. callosus, Nees in Wall. PL As. Rar. III. 85 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 

 FL 188 ; S. Grahamianus, Wight Ic. t. 1520 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL 

 187. Karvi, Vern. Covers large areas on the Konkan and North Kanara 

 ghats, and forms the undergrowth in many of the deciduous moist forests. 

 Sometimes a very large shrub (30 ft. in height and 2-h in. in diameter). A 

 general flowering takes place every seven years. The white, glabrous bracts 

 become covered after fertilization of the ovaries, with viscous, strongly 

 smelling hairs. The flowers vary in colour from purple-blue to pink. 

 Last general flowering in North Kanara took place in Sept., Oct., 1887. 

 The capsules ripen during the cold and hot seasons and are elastically 

 dehiscent, making a peculiar, almost continuous, noise during the shedding 

 of the seeds in a forest of this species. The viscous, fruiting bracts are no 

 doubt protective against boring insects. 



