140 DR. J. MURIE ON THE GULAR POUCH OF OTIS TARDA. [ Feb. 25, 
phant; but it is dexterously turned upwards and to one side when 
he is at the breast ; and the usual position is standing at right angles 
with the mother. The young one generally sleeps under the 
mother’s belly, lying on his side, his legs stretched out straight. 
He not unfrequently lies down under other Elephants, and is quite 
fearless among them, they always treating him kindly, never hurt- 
ing him. ‘‘ The smallest Bucha may go up to the largest male, 
even when he is Musth*, and he will be kindly treated.” The large 
one will welcome him with his trunk, laying it over him and smell- 
ing him. 
2. Note on the Sublingual Aperture and Sphincter of the 
Gular Pouch in Otis tarda. By James Morin, M.D., 
F.L.S., Prosector to the Society. 
The following memoranda may be regarded as addenda to the 
paper on the gular pouch of Otis kori and O. australis, previously 
communicated by me to the Society (see P. Z. 8. 1868, p. 471). 
Since then an opportunity has been afforded me of examining a male 
specimen of the Great Bustard at least six years old, judging from 
the time the bird had been in the Society’s possession. A gular 
pouch was present, as described underneath. 
On looking into the mouth of the bird while the tongue lies 
between the rami of the lower mandible, no opening into the gular 
pouch is seen; but when the tongue is raised and the parts held as 
in the act of gaping an aperture easily admitting one’s finger is ob- 
served. This is situated beneath, and almost an inch behind, the 
tongue itself; in fact it lies underneath the upper larynx, occupy- 
ing the space between it and the submandibular deep and cutaneous 
tissues. In the stretched condition of the parts above spoken of 
(displayed in the figure, p. 141), the said aperture (a) is oval in form, 
assuming almost an elliptical figure if its raised whitish marginal 
membrane is followed. This marginal fold of membrane or lip (() is, 
indeed, the true boundary of the aperture itself; but as it is partly 
adherent to the tissue beneath the uro-hyal and to the subcutaneous 
textures between the rami of the lower mandible, it causes the open- 
ing to appear almost arched instead of an acute ellipse, as it truly is 
when the tongue is pulled out and the skin near the “beard”’ is 
held tense. A second short raised membranous fold (f/) proceeds at 
an acute angle outwards from the middle of each outer side of the 
former one and goes to the tissues covering the muscles lying beneath 
the thyro-hyals. These two latter duplications of the faucial mem- 
brane permit of stretching of the parts when the thyro-hyals are by 
any means thrown outwards; and they may also influence the toni- 
city of the membrane of the aperture itself when its marginal lips 
* The tame males, and males driven out of a herd, are subject to fits of tem- 
porary fury, or madness. In this state they are said to be ‘‘ Musth.” 
