1869.] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE TORTOISES. : 167 
They may be divided into sections thus :— 
Section I. Sternal shields 12, regularly arranged in pairs on each 
side of the central line. Pectoral plates large, like the others. 
A. The inguinal plates moderate ; the nostrils in a square fleshy 
nose, between the upper edge of the beak and the frontal plates ; 
thorax solid. TEsTuDININA. 
. Testupo. Gular plates separate. Claws4.5. Alveolar plate 
with two ridges. 
2. Petrastes, Gular plates separate. Claws4.5. Alveolar plate 
with an indistinct ridge. 
— 
3. Homorus. Gular plates separate. Claws 4.4. 
4, Pyxis. Gular plates separate. The front lobe of the sternum 
mobile. 
. Cuersina. Gular plates united and produced. 
or 
B. The inguinal plates very large; the nostrils in a notch on each 
side of the upper edge of the beak; thorax, hinder part mo- 
bile. KinixyiNna. ‘ 
6. Kinrxys. 
Section II. Sternal shields 10, arranged in five pairs. The two 
pectoral shields small, short, triangular, far apart, on the sides 
at the hinder edge of the axilla. Manourina. 
7. Manourta. This genus, before the animal was known, was 
erroneously arranged in Hmydide. 
1. Testupo. 
The skull has a well-developed zygomatic arch. The palate is 
deeply concave, especially in front ; and there are three more or less 
distant, narrow, elevated, parallel longitudinal ribs onit behind tie 
internal nostrils, which are placed in front of the palate. The alveo- 
lar margin of the upper jaw broad, with two ridges parallel to and 
as long as the outer margin of the beak. The central ridge is divided 
into conical teeth ; the inner marginal ridge higher and with a more 
even edge. The nostrils are placed in a more or less square fleshy 
muffle, which is situated on the upper edge of the horny beak. 
The genus may be divided into two sections by the form of the 
alveolar surface of the lower jaw :-— 
a. Lower jaw narrow, with a deep groove extending the whole 
length of the edge; front of upper jaw with a central notch 
and two slight prominences. ‘TEstuDoO. 
Testudo indica, T. planiceps, T. tabulata, T. radiata. 
6. Lower jaw narrow in front, with a short deep groove as long 
as the hinder half of the outer margin. Scapra. 
T. (Scapia) falconeri. 
