174 DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE TORTOISES. [Mar. 11, 
Skull small, thin; crown convex, arched ; nose-hole very large, 
with a deep oblong notch in the upper edge ; orbit very large ; side 
of face shelving ; the hinder edge of the orbit very thin ; zygomatic 
arch very slender, short; tympanic cavity small, oblong, erect. 
Lower jaw slender. Beak of upper jaw with a smooth edge, and 
entire in front. The alveolar edges narrow, parallel, linear, simple ; 
internal nostril like exterior. The thorax is very like that of some 
of the varieties of Testudo stellata, which is a very variable species 
both in size and surfaces ; so that one might almost regard it as only 
a variety of it. The sternum is divided by a straight suture between 
the second and third pairs of plates; the second pair large, with a 
straight posterior edge. The abdominal or the fourth pair of plates 
very large; the first or gular plate small, narrower than the small 
anal ones. 
5. CHERSINA. 
CHERSINA ANGULATA. 
Testudo angulata, Owen, Cat. Osteol. M. C. 8S. p. 201. n. 1050 
(skeleton), 1051 (skeleton of trunk and extremities). 
Skeleton in the British Museum. 
Back edge of the orbit thin; zygomatic arch short, rather slender 
from the middle part of the back edge of the orbit ; tympanic cavity 
small; nose-hole large, square; nostril in a small granular disk ; 
orbit large, lateral; upper beak with three anterior teeth, with a deep 
notch in the upper edge for the nose-disk. Lower jaw weak, the 
beak with a short central hook. The alveolar surface of the upper 
jaw linear, rather wider behind, with a very short central ridge. 
Lower jaw sharp-edged in front, rather wider on the hinder half of 
the margin, with a middle groove for the ridge on the upper jaw. 
6. Kinrxys. 
KINIXYS BELLIANA. 
Sheath of the upper jaw very high, with the nostril in a notch in 
its upper edge, between it and the front edge of the frontal shields ; 
of lower jaw high, convex in front. Zygomatic arch (as seen through 
the skin in the stuffed specimen) convex, narrow from the back of 
the orbit to the upper front part of the oblong tympanic cavity. 
7. Manouria. 
MANOURIA FUSCA. 
The stuffed specimen shows that the skullis oblong, forehead flat, 
face short ; orbit large, lateral, rounded; zygomatic arch weak and 
thin, compared with the same bone in Testudo ; the tympanic bone 
surrounding the ear is deep-seated ; the mastoid is not prominent as 
is usually the case in Land-Tortoises. 
II. The TERRAPINS or FRESHWATER TORTOISES. 
After a patient examination of the skulls and skeletons and a re- 
vision of the specimens of the Freshwater Tortoises, or Terrapins, 
