1869. | DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE TORTOISES. 183 
looks as if it had lived in dirty water. They both have the front 
lobe of the sternum about one-fourth of its length longer than the 
abdominal shields, which are short. 
c. The sterno-costal suture and the abdominal shields not so lony as 
the front lobe of the sternum; the hinder lobe of the sternum 
slightly truncated behind. Thorax not keeled. Vertebral 
plates as broad as long. 
3. SwaNKA FASCIATA. 
Head olive, with a dark-edged pale streak from the nostril, over 
the eye, to the upper part of the tympanum (it is narrow before, and 
wider behind the eyes), and with a streak from the lower edge of the 
orbit, over the angle of the jaw on the side of the neck ; occiput 
and back of neck white-spotted. The lobes of the sternum are rather 
narrower than the opening of the thorax. 
Hab. ——? (from M. Brandt). 
KINOSTERNON. 
1. KiInosTERNON PENNSYLVANICUM. 
The skull in the British Museum is depressed, ovate triangular, 
crown rhombic, narrow behind, short, only slightly produced behind 
the orbits; orbit lateral, large ; zygomatic arch broad, rather convex 
and prominent behind, including the whole front edge of the small 
tympanic cavity ; palate deeply concave in the centre, with three 
longitudinal ridges on each side of the central line, very narrow 
behind ; upper jaw with. a broad intermediate ledge edged with a 
slightly raised ridge; lower jaw with a shelving edge to the back, 
and hooked in front. 
2. KINOSTERNON HIRTIPES, Wagler, N. Syst. Amph. 
The skull is figured by Wagler in N. Syst. Amph. t. 5. f. xxxi.— 
xxxvil. The figure is very like the skull of Chelydra. 
Fam. III. Emyp1ip# or True Terrapins. 
When my two papers on the skulls of Chelydradee and Trionychidze 
were published, I hoped that some of the American zoologists, 
who have so many species of one group (Emydidz) living in their 
country, and consequently at their command, would take up the sub- 
ject. But they have not done so; and as the British Museum has 
received a few more specimens, 1 have determined to do the best I 
can with the specimens at my command, and the figures of the spe- 
cimens that have been published by Wagler and others. 
It is to be regretted that Agassiz, in his notes on the American Ter- 
rapins in his ‘ Contributions,’ has confined his attention so com pletely 
to the external characters, and the development of the young animal. 
He does make some observations on the form of the jaws; but they 
are so indistinct and general that they afford very little information. 
