482 PROF. W. H. FLOWER ON THE [Nov. 11, 
afforded by characters of the cranium, digestive and reproductive 
organs*, 
The Dogs (Cynoidea) are very uniform in their cerebral characters, 
having always four distinct and regular gyri surrounding the fissure 
of Sylvius, which is short and approaching a vertical direction. The 
first and second arched gyri have the anterior and posterior limbs 
equal, the third has the posterior limb broad and bifurcated. 
All the other Carnivora have only three arched gyri on the outer 
surface, the first, or lower one of the Dogs, being either wanting or 
concealed beneath the second, within the fissure of Sylviusf. 
In the Arctoidea the fissure of Sylvius is rather long and slopes 
backwards; the inferior gyrus has the limbs long, corresponding 
with the length of the Sylvian fissure; the anterior rather narrower 
than the posterior (especially in the true Bears) ; the middle gyrus 
is moderate and equal-limbed ; the upper one large, very broad in 
front, and distinctly marked off from the second posteriorly as far 
as near the lower border of the temporal lobet. The crucial fissure 
is long and oblique, and situated further back than usual. 
In the Aluroidea the Sylvian fissure is moderate and nearer to 
the vertical than in the last group. The gyrus which immediately 
surrounds it is wide, especially the posterior limb, which is generally 
twice the width of the anterior, and is divided by a vertical fissure, 
well marked in the Cats and Hyenas. In the Cats the anterior 
limb is also partially divided. In the Civet both limbs are simple$. 
The second gyrus is moderate and simple. The superior gyrus is 
wide in front, but small posteriorly, the suleus which separates it 
from the second not extending quite to the hinder apex of the 
hemisphere. 
Mourn, Toneug, ETC. 
The incisor teeth, both above and below, were worn down almost 
level with the gums; the ends of the canines were also truncated 
and broken. Behind the canines there were but three teeth above 
and two below on each side, all, as usual, quite small and rudi- 
mentary. 
The roof of the mouth is broad and nearly flat. It has four 
strongly marked, sharp-edged, curved ridges passing completely across 
from side to side, with the concavity of their curve turned back- 
wards. The first is between the incisors and the canines ; the second 
is opposite to the latter. The middle of the fourth ridge is one 
* See “On the Value of the Characters derived from the Base of the Cranium 
in the Classification of the Carnivora” (P. Z. 8. 1869, p. 4). 
+ In the Hyena its hinder limb is partly exposed. 
+ Except in the smaller members of the genus Mustela, where the sulcus se- 
parating the superior from the middle gyrus is less produced posteriorly than in 
others of the group. In Galictis vittata, however, the brain is quite a miniature 
of that of a Bear; but the middle convolution is united with the upper one at 
its superior anterior angle. According to Leuret, a similar union is found in 
the Otters. 
§ The Suricate agrees with the Hyznas rather than with the Civets in the 
general characters of its brain-convolutions. 
