1869.] ANATOMY OF PROTELES. 483 
inch behind the incisors. Behind these are four more ridges, which 
do not pass across the middle line, being interrupted for a short 
space ; and each half ridge forms an arch by itself, having both ends 
directed backwards. The last two are much smaller than the others. 
Between the foremost ridge and the incisor teeth are three not very 
distinct prominences of the mucous membrane, the largest of the 
three being in the middle. On the depressed surfaces between the 
ridges, especially between the fifth and seventh, are numerous small, 
rounded, white tubercles. The palate behind the last ridge (which 
is 2''-2 from the incisor teeth) is quite smooth. 
There is no distinct uvula, only a median thickening of the arched 
posterior margin of the soft palate. The tonsils form prominent, 
oblique, narrow ridges on the sides of the fauces, half an inch in 
length. 
The tongue is large, flat, rather spatulate, and very soft or lax in its 
tissues. Its length is 6", and its greatest breadth (1" behind the apex) 
1-8. The freenum is attached nearly three inches from the apex. 
The circumvallate papillee are rather small and only two in number, 
placed in the usual region of the tongue and half an inch apart. 
The dorsal surface of the tongue behind these papillze is soft and glan- 
dular, and bears scattered, long, soft and pointed papille. All the 
middle portion of the dorsum is thickly covered with minute conical 
papillee, with their apices directed backwards and towards the middle 
line. Interspersed with these are numerous circular, rather flat- 
topped fungiform papille. Rather in front of the middie of the 
dorsum, where the tongue begins to widen somewhat, the conical 
papilla increase in size, and are gradually transformed into papillee 
of very peculiar form, which cover the whole of the anterior third 
of the organ. These are very conspicuous (being quite white and 
very hard), short, rounded cones, or bosses, set in a smooth, soft, 
pink membrane. Their average diameter is upwards of 5}; inch, and 
the distance between them nearly equal to the diameter. At the 
margin and apex of the tongue they gradually diminish in size. In 
the fore part of this curious patch the axes of the papillee are ver- 
tical to the plane of the dorsum of the tongue ; but posteriorly their 
apices point backwards and they are flatter, and, as before said, pass 
insensibly into the minute conical papillee of the middle part of the 
tongue. I am not aware of any lingual papillz exactly like these. 
In Hyena, however, there is a central rounded patch of conspicu- 
ously enlarged conical papillz near the apex of the tongue. 
In the septum of the tongue, near the extremity, is a very small 
subcylindrical lytta, proportionally smaller than in Hyena. 
The submaxillary glands are of very large size, composed of very 
distinct large lobules, and of a bright yellow colour, having when 
fresh much the appearance of fat. The anterior end of each gland 
abuts against the angle of the jaw, or rather the masseter muscle 
covering it; the posterior against the transverse process of the 
atlas. Above it is in contact with the infericr surface of the carti- 
laginous meatus auditorius externus. Superficially it is covered by 
the platysma. In general form it is pear-shaped, having the large 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1869, No. XXXII. 
