1869.] | MR. D. G. ELLIOT ON THE GENUS PELECANUS. 581 
Occipital crest long and pendent, formed of narrow feathers. 
Frontal feathers fully as prolonged as in P. onocrotalus, forming a 
narrow line. General colour pure white. Occipital crest and patch 
on the breast yellowish. Spurious wing and primaries black. The 
gular pouch and bare space about the eye is almost precisely similar 
in shape to that of the preceding species, extending about the same 
distance down the throat. The bill is yellowish; nail red. Orbits 
and pouch flesh-colour ; irides reddish. 
Length about 55 inches; wing, from carpal joint, 24 inches; tail 
7 inches; bill 12 inches; tarsus 5 inches. 
Hab. Sicily and Greece, Egypt, Abyssinia, west coast of Africa, 
and India. 
I have given to this bird, if it really must be considered distinct 
from the common species, Riippell’s name of minor, as his diagnosis 
and measurements appear to agree very accurately with specimens of 
mitratus before me, and his name antedates that of Lichtenstein. As 
I have already stated, in my article on P. onocrotalus, the only differ- 
ence between them is in the smaller size, occipital crest, and rather 
narrower point of the frontal feathers of the present bird. It may, 
however, be doubted if these characters are sufficient to establish it as 
a separate species, and it may with more propriety be considered only 
arace. I have included among the synonyms the P. onocrotalus 
of Bonaparte, as his description of “ occipiti eristato plumis planis 
angustis”’ appears to apply to this bird. The fact that Bonaparte’s 
synonymy of some of the Pelecanide is very much confused, and 
that he has referred this bird to P. rufescens, which belongs to an 
entirely different group, that of which P. crispus is the type, shows 
that he did not make the necessary examinations of the specimens 
when writing his monograph, and that his conclusions cannot be 
taken solely upon the authority of his name. Layard, in his ‘ Birds 
of South Africa,’ describes a Pelecanus onocrotalus, which he states 
to be widely distributed and associating in small flocks. His 
description would seem to point out the present bird rather than the 
species to which he has referred it, as he speaks of the presence on 
the breast of “a tuft of stiff bright straw-coloured feathers,” and the 
“head crested,’ both of which peculiarities are claimed as apper- 
taining to the present bird. His measurements also are less than 
generally found in P. onocrotalus ; and moreover, having specimens 
before from the Cape of Good Hope which answer in every way to 
the P. minor, I have placed Mr. Layard’s name among its synonyms. 
The Pelecanus mitratus of Reichenbach, represented by two figures, 
does not exhibit any pendent crest, but a short recurved crest upon 
the occiput ; and this would seem to refer his bird to onocrotalus. 
I have therefore placed a question (?) after the synonym. 
PELECANUS JAVANICUS. 
Pelecanus javanicus, Horsf. Linn. Trans. vol. xiii. p. 197. sp. 2; 
Selat. P. Z. S. (1868) p. 268; Steph. Shaw’s Gen. Zool. vol. xiii, 
p-. 116 (1826). 
P. onocrotalus, apud Jerdon, Blyth, Ibis (1867), p. 179. 
