1869.} CERVINE ANIMALS OF HAINAN. 653 
Judging from my own skins and the specimens in the Museum, 
Cervulus vaginalis attains a much larger size (say one-third) than 
C. reevesi. It is of a darker and richer colour, and is at once dis- 
tinguished by the two round black tufts on the forehead. In C. 
reevesi these tuits are replaced by black lines, with a longer black 
line starting between the ears and running along the back of the 
neck to the shoulder. ; 
I have two pairs of horns of the Cervulus from Hainan. The one 
I take to have belonged to a two-year-old. In this the brow-antler 
is a tine set inwards of the front of the beam. Total length of horn 
37 inches, cleft from base 1, brow-tine from cleft 3. The horn 
bends inwards at its tip; it is mounted on a long bony pedicle 
23 inches long. Breadth between bases of bony pedicles 2} inches, 
between horns at base 32, between horns at tips 43. 
The second pair belonged to an older animal, I should say a 3-4- 
year-old. In this the brow-antler is set more inwards still. The 
horn measures 43 inches, its bony pedicle 14; breadth between the 
latter at bases 27, between horns at bases 34, between horns at tips 
335 circumference of horn at base 23. As the animal grows older 
the bony pedicle shortens and thickens, and, as shown by these two 
cases, the horns grow more parallel. 
Mr. Blyth agrees with me in my identification of the Hainan 
Muntjac. He writes, ‘“ Your Hainan Cervulus is of the species in- 
habiting all India, with Ceylon, Indo-China, Malacca, and Sumatra, 
as distinguished from that of Java.” 
In a native work, containing some notes on the natural produc- 
tions of Hainan, no difference-is recognized between this and the 
ordinary Chinese species, C. reevesi. The work alludes to. it as 
“the Chang, like a small deer, but: more elegant. The male is 
the Keun, the female the Yu. Delights in a display of colours. The 
hunters flourish before it rags of brilliant colours, and it stops to 
stare at them.” The C. vaginalis is known to the Hainanese as 
the Hwangkia, and wnder that name is spoken of as distinct from 
the Chang in the above Chinese work. The note on the Hwangkia 
is as follows :—‘ Large as a dog, has horns, and is in form a good 
deal like a Deer. Its flesh, when sliced and dried, is in taste some- 
what similar to that of the Deer.’ The ery of this species is very 
like the short bark-like grunt uttered by C. reevesi. 
2. The Hainan Panolia agrees with the.Cervus eldi of Burmah 
and Siam. I have five pairs of horns and two. odd ones, and the 
skin of a female in summer coat, and one of a fawn. The skin of 
the fawn is of a rich chestnut, deeper, with black hairs intermingled, 
on the back.. A line of indistinct yellowish spots runs along either 
side of the dorsal centre from the shoulders to the tail, and a few 
more of similar spots occur in rear of shoulder-blade and about the 
hip-joint. The breast-girdle is brown. Between the fore legs and 
hind legs is pure white, the white running down the inner centre. 
of the hind legs to below the shank ; the under part of the tail and 
between the buttocks are also pure white ; a dark brown line passes 
down the front of the fore legs. The female skin answers well to the 
skin of the buck, in summer dress, that died in the Society’s Gardens 
