43 NATURE 
[June 17, 1915 

by Prof. R. A. Gregory, of Sir Norman Lockyer’s 
address on the Influence of Brain Power on 
History, and articles on the Steel Industry by 
Dr. W. Lorrimer, and on the Chemical Industries 
by Prof. Percy Branki and. 
W. P. DREAPER. 
HAMPSHIRE FIELD ARCHAOLOGY.} 
<OME years ago Dr. Williams-Freeman under- 
took to make a list of ‘‘ Defensive Earth- 
works of Hampshire” for the Hants Field Club, 
and when this was done, evidently with inex- 
haustible patience and enthusiasm, some discern- 
ing persons urged him to publish his plans and 
descriptions. 

“ 
Fic. 1.—Stonehenge from a war balloon. From 
The resulting book is divided into three sections, 
a division which adds considerably to its value 
and has made it far more generally useful, inter- 
esting and readable. 
The first section deals with the general subject 
of field archeology, including earthworks, ethno- 
logy, roads, the influence of the natural features 
of the country on the nature of the earthworks 
likely to be found therein, etc. The author 
rightly insists on Field Archeology being the 
Scientia Scientarum, that all sciences are its hand- 
maidens, and he enumerates several. But surely 
in the data and results accumulated, more 
1 ** An Introduction to Field Archwology as Illustrated by Hampshire.”’ 
By Dr. J. P. Williams-Freeman. Pp. xxii+462. (London: Macmillan 
and Co., Ltd., 1915-) Price 15s. net. 
NO. 2381, VOL. 95] 
An Introduction to Field Archzology as Illustrated by Hampshire.’ 
especially since the beginning of this century, there 
is prima facie ev idence for the inclusion of astron- 
omy as a sine qua non in the equipment of the 
Field Archzologist. 
The second part of the volume deals with 
particular earthworks visited in the form of a 
day’s itinerary in each chapter. Distance, direc- 
tion, state of roads, possible methods of locomo- 
tion, charming descriptions of the country and 
places of rest and entertainment are all given, yet 
never obscure the primary function of ‘the book, 
the description of the earthworks. The author 
examines quite judicially many interesting, argu- 
able points but never becomes dogmatic; there 
are also many practical hints which the 
amateur archeologist will find invaluable. For 
example, the find- 
ing of a Roman 
coin does not prove 
that the Romans: 
built the earthwork, 
zach of which may 
have been ‘succes- 
sively occupied by 
different peoples. 
& over a long period. 
The close investiga- 
tion of all finds is 
absolutely necessary 
from all points of 
view, if faulty con- 
clusions are to be 
avoided. A propos 
of this Dir 
Williams - Freeman 
relates a story con- 
cerning “Black 
Bas” . -on_ “Black 
Barrow,” an _ oval 
sandhill near Lin- 
wood. Certain ex- 
cavators found 
~ charcoal and 
Roman pottery, but 
as regards the 
latter an “old in- 
habitant of the dis- 
trict says that in 
his youth he used 
to put bits of pot- 
tery into the hill in ord to get the employment 
of digging them out’ 
The fifth day’ s journey, according to schedule, 
takes us from Hampshire, because, being near to 
Stonehenge, it would be an “unpardonable arch- 
eological sin’’ not to visit our most famous and 
Sharpe, PE. 
(Lieut. W. E, 
grandest megalithic monument. The author 
carefully describes the monument and, as is his 
custom, judicially sifts the archeological evidence 
concerning its origin and date. He points out 
that the date astronomically determined by Sir 
Norman Lockyer and Mr. Penrose has been 
independently confirmed by two other, totally 
different, lines of evidencé and must be accepted. 
But the Friar’s Heel was not the index mark for 

