NATURE 
(JuLy 1, toms, 

476 
ELEMENTARY ZOOLOGY. 
(1) Zoology: An Elementary Text-Book. By Dr. 
A. E. Shipley and Dr. E. W. MacBride. Third 
edition. Pp. xx+752. (Cambridge: At the 
University Press, 1915.) Price 12s. 6d. net. 
(2) Elementary Text-book of Economic Zoology 
and Entomology. By Prof. V. L. Kellogg and 
Prof. R. W. Doane. Pp. x+532. (New 
York: H. Holt and Co., 1915.) Price 1.50 
dollars. 
(1) NEW edition of “ Shipley and MacBride”’ 
iN will receive a welcome from students 
and teachers of zoology, for the original work— 
published in r901—took at once a distinct place 
among text-books on account of the freshness 
and individuality of the authors’ method. The 
present volume exceeds in length its forerunner 
by 100 pages, and many improvements have 
been introduced. For example, the groups of the 
flatworms, nemertines, rotifers, and nematodes 
have been brought from their former position at 
the end of the volume following after the mam- 
malia, and placed before the annelida. The ar- 
rangement, which startled readers of the first and 
second editions, was intended to emphasise the 
authors’ opinion that these groups are not 
ccelomata, and this opinion is still set forth, per- 
haps too dogmatically, in the clear “ Introduction 
to the Ccelomata ” that precedes immediately the 
account of the annelids. The authors have 
accepted Goodrich’s distinction—now familiar to 
zoologists—between true nephridia and ccelomo- 
ducts (such as the excretory tubes of arthropods, 
molluscs, and vertebrates). They also revert to 
the “orthodox” interpretation of the mammalian 
ear-ossicles, and in connection with this problem 
supply a valuable diagram of the temporal region 
of the skull in theromorphous reptiles for com- 
parison with the mammalia. The book still 
neglects, to a great extent, paleontological as 
well as embryological facts, but these are invoked 
where questions of morphology and relationship 
are discussed. Indeed, the last half of the volume 
comprises an excellent introduction to the com- 
parative anatomy of vertebrates. As regards 
systems of classification, there is always room for 
differences of opinion, but we believe that most 
students of the Mollusca will object to the removal 
of the Chitons from association with Chetoderma 
and Neomenia, and their replacement in the 
Gastropoda; while among the arthropods, the un- 
natural group of the “ Myriapoda ” is still retained, 
and appears in the same class with the insects and 
the peripatids—an altogether indefensible associa- 
tion. The introduction has been lengthened by 
NO. 2383, VOL. 951 

two pages for the inclusion of a necessarily im- 
perfect sketch of recent work on heredity. 
(2) Indeed the writers of comprehensive modern 
text-books must be constantly faced with the ques- 
tion whether it is better to discuss some subject 
imperfectly or to leave it alone altogether. Profs. 
Kellogg and Doane have, with considerable suc- 
cess, attempted, within the limits of a handy 
volume, to furnish their students with a guide 
not only to the facts and principles of zoology but 
to its applications to hygiene, fisheries, agriculture, 
horticulture, forestry, and stock-raising. What 
may be called the general zoological sections of 
the book are often sketchy—as where the develop- 
ment of the Mammalia is dismissed in less than 
a page and the student is told that there is no pla- 
centa in marsupials. But there is much trustworthy 
information pleasantly given, the examples being 
drawn mostly from North American species. The 
concluding portion of the book is devoted to 
economic subjects, and there may. be found 
accounts—good though brief—of harmful pro- 
tozoa, insects, and arachnids, with the means to be 
adopted for repelling their attacks. The authors 
might perhaps have used the space at their dis- 
posal more effectively by expanding this section 
to fill the whole volume, leaving the student to get 
his general facts from existing books, of which 
there are surely enough. Yet a chapter of twelve 
pages on ‘‘ Animal Life and Evolution” is a 
wonderful example of what can be done in the 
way of packing a surprising number of valuable 
facts and suggestions into a small compass. It 
might indeed be defined as a sample of “com- 
pressed biology.” Gali Ge 

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY. 
An Atlas of Economic Geography. By Dr. J. G. 
Bartholomew. With introduction by Prof. 
L. W. Lyde. Pp. lxvi+96 maps. (London: 
Oxford University Press, 1914.) Price 5s. net. 
HE name of Bartholomew on any atlas is 
a synonym for careful draughtsmanship 
and artistic colouring, and the “Atlas of Econo- 
mic Geography” is not only no exception to the 
rule, but also a marvel of cheapness. Prof. Lyde 
as joint-editor is responsible for the selection of 
the maps, which are intended to illustrate mainly 
world and continental distributions. So far as 
they go, the various maps and diagrams make up 
a valuable collection. The generalisation neces- 
sary for such small-scale maps has been on the 
whole successful, except in the case of gold, the 
colour for which is much too liberally distributed. 
No attempt has been made, however, to distin- 

