692 

penditure for the universities from State funds amounts 
in round figures to 1,800,000]. In 1913 the expenditure 
of the University of Berlin alone was 242,000l., and of 
this amount 200,000l1., or about 83 per cent., was 
derived from State funds. 
The estimates for the year ending March 31, 1916, 
show the following grants for universities and colleges 
in the United Kingdom :— 
GrReaT BRITAIN. Lb 



University of London 8,000 
Victoria University of Manchester 2,000 
University of Birmingham 2,000 
University of Wales ... 4,000 
University of Liverpool 2,000 
Leeds University 2,000 
Sheffield University 2,000 
Bristol University 2,000 
Durham University 2,000 
Scottish Universities ... 84,000 
Colleges, Great Britain Fi . 150,000 
University Colleges, Wales +++ 12,000 
Welsh University and Colleges 
Additional Grant ; 15,000 
Total £287,000 
IRELAND, 
A.—Grants for the General Purposes 
of the LS 
Queen’s University of Belfast 18,000 
University College, Dublin ... 32,000 
University College, Cork 20,000 
University College, Galway... 12,000 
B.—Grants in respect of the Cost of 
Purchasing Lands and Provid- 
ing or Improving the Necessary 
Buildings and Equipment for 
the— 
National University of Ire- 
land and University Col- 
lege, Dublin ; 40,000 
University College, Galway 
(18501. revote) esd — 
C.—Additional Grant in augmenta- 
tion of sums amounting to 15o0ol. 
or more contributed from local 
sources in 1914-15 towards in- 
creasing the Resources of Uni- 
versity College, Galway 2,000 
Total Bee id £124,000 
Imperial College of Science and 
Technology. ss. 30,000 
Royal College of ‘Science, Dublin an, OOO 
University Institutions in respect of 
Technological Work 59,000 
Grand total £517,000 
Certain of the universities, colleges, and other 
similar institutions which are in receipt of Parlia- 
mentary grants have been adversely affected by the 
war, more especially by the loss of fee income arising 
from the widespread response among men _ students 
to the call for recruits. The estimates for 1915-16 
include, therefore, a special grant of 145,o00l. in aid 
of such universities, colleges, medical schools, and 
agricultural institutions, to meet loss of income arising 
during the war. 
BENEFACTIONS. 
The benefactions to higher education in the United 
States during the forty years from 1873 to 1913 
amounted to nearly 100,000,000l., and are still in- 
creasing at the rate of about 5,000,000/. annually. 
The report of the United States Bureau of Educa- 
NO. 2390, VOL. 95]| 
NATURE 

[AuGusT 19, 1915 
tion for the year ending June 30, 1913, shows that 
during the year the total sum received in gifts and 
bequests by universities and other institutions of 
higher education, excluding grants by the United 
States, different States, and municipalities, was 
4,930,390l. Of this amount 895,320l. was for increase 
of plant, 825,980l. for current expenses, and 3,209, 10091. 
for endowment. Forty-five institutions reported gifts 
of more than 20,000l. 
The income of the 596 institutions of higher educa- 
tion from which the Bureau receives reports was 
during the year, from State and municipal grants, 
3,809,9601.; from invested funds, 3,313,960l.; and 
from fees for tuition and other educational services, 
4,183,830l. 
SUMMARY. 
The Carnegie Institution of Washington has an 
endowment fund of 4,400,o00l., and makes grants of 
nearly 200,000]. annually for purely scientific investiga- 
tions and publications. 
The Parliamentary grants in aid of scientific in- 
vestigation, including the services of the Meteoro- 
logical Office and the National Physical Laboratory, 
amount .to about 100,o00/. annually, or 125,000l. in- 
cluding the new grant recently made. 
The grants for the purposes of medical research, 
under the National Health Insurance Act, amount to 
about 56,oool. annually. 
The total amount appropriated by Parliament to the 
Development Fund is 2,900,000l.; and it is estimated 
that up to the end of March, 1916, the expenditure 
will be on agriculture and rural industries 1,100,0e0l., 
on forestry and afforestation 350,o00l., and on fisheries 
150,000l. 
The Parliamentary grants for universities and’ col- 
leges in the United Kingdom amount to about half a 
million annually; the State grants to universities in 
Germany reach nearly two millions annually. 
The benefactions to institutions of higher educa- 
tion in the United States amount to about five millions 
annually; in the United Kingdom the average is less 
than one-tenth this sum. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
Lonpon.—The following science appointments have 
been made by the council of Bedford College for 
Women :—Assistant-lecturer in philosophy, W. A. 
Pickard-Cambridge; assistant-lecturer in physics, Miss 
M. O. Saltmarsh; demonstrator in physics, Miss M. 
Baxter; demonstrators in physiology, Miss Hartwell 
and Miss Tweedy; demonstrator in geology, Miss I. 
Lowe. 
Oxrorp.—Captain C. F. Balleine, fellow and sub- 
rector of Exeter College, who was killed in action on 
July 2 (a note on whom appeared on p. 543 of our issue 
for July 15), bequeathed roool. to the rector and 
scholars of Exeter College, to be employed in some 
way for the benefit of that college as the governing 
body may direct. 


Tue foundation stone of the new Welsh National 
School of Medicine at Cardiff was laid on Thursday 
last by Lord Pontypridd. 
A Laporatory for the investigation of occupational 
diseases is to be established in Pittsburgh, under the 
supervision of Dr. J. W. Schereschewsky, of Wash- 
ington. 
A pRopOsAL is on foot to endow the library of the 
department of mathematics of Brown University in 
honour of Prof. N..F. Davis, 
forty years’ service, is shortly to retire. 
THE sum of 8500 dollars has been given by Miss 
; E. Cuyler and Mr. T. De Witt Cuyler to. the George 
who, after upwards of 
