AucusT 26, 1915] 
NATURE 
Roi 

sorbed in their own fields of study or research, and 
give little time or thought to the larger problems of 
university life and university progress. Such a body 
as this ought to furnish the opportunity and the incen- 
tive towards such thinking. 
Such an organisation of university teachers ought 
to accomplish much in the creation of what one might 
call professional consciousness. It will help towards 
a more definite appreciation on the part of teachers 
themselves, and on the part of the public, of what it 
means to be a university teacher. The association may 
well hope in time to grow into an influence com- 
parable in the case of university teachers to that ‘exer- 
cised by the American Bar Association for lawyers or 
by the American Medical Association for physicians. 
Hitherto there has been little of professional solidarity 
amongst university teachers. The term professor has 
had with us a very indefinite meaning. It has been 
applied unthinkingly to secondary-school teachers, col- 
lege teachers, university teachers, and to many whose 
connection with teaching is most remote. In this un- 
certainty lie certain difficulties which the association 
will meet, for in the public mind there is as yet no very 
clear differentiation between the university professor 
and the secondary-school teacher; just as many of our 
universities are such in name only. 
The plans of the Association of University Professors 
have not yet been worked out to the point of detailed 
organisation. Doubtless those who have the matter 
in charge have in mind a somewhat loose organisation 
like that of the lawyers rather than a highly detailed 
organisation like that of the physicians. So far as the 
plan has as yet developed, it contemplates nothing 
further than the formation of a body representative of 
university teachers, a body in which questions affect- 
ing the worl of the university and the interests of 
teachers, the relations of schools and colleges, and 
similar questions, may be discussed from the point of 
view of university teachers, and which may present to 
university bodies and to the public a statement of such 
questions from the point of view of the profession 
itself. Those who have to do with universities and 
colleges, whether as trustees, presidents, or teachers, 
will welcome this movement heartily. 
The foundation’s earlier studies of medical education 
are continued in this report in recommendations for 
changes in the classification of medical schools; a study 
of medicine and politics in Ohio; and a survey of 
medical education on the Pacific coast, which shows 
that the State of Washington, which has no medical 
school, has a plentiful supply of physicians trained in 
good schools all over the country, while California, 
with eight medical schools, is swamped with poorly 
trained doctors. Z 
The report concludes with a discussion of ‘t Standards 
and Standardisers,’’ which shows that the Carnegie 
Foundation has had little to do with the setting up 
or enforcement of college standards, this being the 
work of college faculties. All that the foundation has 
done is to cause fuller discussion of such matters and 
to urge the claims of honesty and sincerity. 

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
A BURSARY in memory of Mr. Robert Hepburn has 
been founded by his sister at University College, 
Dundee. It will be tenable for three years, and open 
to any male or female student of medicine at the 
college. 
Pror. W. Morcan, who fills the chair of auto- 
mobile engineering in the faculty of engineering of 
the University of Bristol, has been released from his 
NO. 2391, VOL. 95] 

duties for the period of the war. He will, we under- 
stand, be engaged upon work in connection with the 
production of munitions. 
Tue governors of Guy’s Hospital have received 
from the trustees and executors of the will of the 
late Sir William Dunn 25,0001. new War Loan 43 per 
cent. fully-paid stock for the endowment of a lecture- 
ship in pathology in the Guy’s Hospital Medical 
School, to be known as the ‘Sir William Dunn 
Lectureship in Pathology.” 
IN connection with the erection of the permanent 
buildings of the University of Western Australia, two 
prizes of a hundred guineas and twenty-five guineas 
respectively were offered for the two best designs for 
the laying out of the University’s grounds at Crawley 
Park, Perth, W.A. A large number of designs were 
sent in, and the following awards have now been 
made by the board of adjudication :—First prize, H 
Desbrowe-Annear, Melbourne, Victoria; second prize, 
H. W. Hargrave, Perth, W.A. The design submitted 
by Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Ltd., Crawley, Sussex, 
has in addition been granted an honourable mention. 
WE are requested to make Iknown that the latest 
date for the receipt of applications from candidates 
desiring to be examined at Local Centres for the 
Aitchison Memorial Scholarship is September 1, and 
from those who wish to be examined in London, 
September 15. Applications should be made to Mr. 
H. F. Purser, 35 Charles Street, Hatton Garden, E.C. 
It will be remembered that the scholarship in ques- 
tion was founded in memory of the late Mr. James 
Aitchison, in consideration of the many and valuable 
services rendered by him to the optical industry and 
the development of optical education, and specially in 
recognition of his unselfish and constant endeavour 
to secure better training for optical students. The 
scholarship course, tenable at the Northampton Poly- 
technic Institute, Clerkenweil, covers two years, and 
its total value is 30l. It is proposed to offer the 
scholarship in alternate years. 


SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
Paris. 
Academy of Sciences, August 17.—M. Ed. Perrier in 
the chair.—Paul Appell: Contribution to the study of 
the © functions of higher degrees.—W. Kilian and 
Antonin Lanquine : The coexistence, in the neighbour- 
hood of Castellane, of pyreneo-provengal dislocations 
and of Alpine folds, and on the complexity of these 
orogenic phenomena.—Joseph Pérés : Bessel’s functions 
with several variables.—H. G. Block: The equation 
of elastic rods.—José Rodriguez Mourelo: The photo- 
tropy of inorganic systems. The case of calcium sul- 
phide. These sulphides were made by heating preci- 
pitated chalk (100 gr.), common salt (o'r gr.), sodium 
carbonate (0'03 gr.), sulphur, and certain phosphore- 
gens, such as manganese and bismuth salts. The 
colour develops in a strong light, not sunlight, in 
two or three minutes. In one set of experiments the 
proportion of manganese added varied between o'1 per 
cent. and o’ooor per cent. The observed colours passed 
through reddish-violet, pinlk, to an intense violet, the 
maximum phototropic effect being obtained with 
o7005 per cent. of manganese. The colours were in- 
creased in intensity by the addition of both manganese 
and bismuth.—M. Pontio: A method of control for 
rapidly estimating the quantity of nickel deposited 
in nickel plating. The method is based on the use 
of a solution of dilute hydrochloric acid and hydrogen 
peroxide, which attacks the underlying metal (copper, 
iron) more rapidly than the deposited nickel.—Alberto 
Betim: A layer of euxenite in Brazil. This deposit 
