1868.] MR. R. BROWN ON THE SEALS OF GREENLAND. 435 



steel lances*; but even then it is dangerous work, and not unfre- 

 quently brings the hunter to grief. I have been one of a party who 

 have killed several in this manner, and have also seen them captured 

 by the wild Eskimo at Pond's Bay, on the western shores of Davis's 

 Strait, after the aboriginal fashion ; but as this has been excellently 

 described by Kanef and Hayes | in their different narratives, I will 

 not trouble you with any details. The Swedish expedition to Spitz- 

 bergen §, and Lord Dufferin|| and Mr. Lamont% have given many 

 particulars of its capture by the Spitzbergen hunters. Baron 

 Wrangell** has supplied an account of its chase on different portions 

 of the Siberian coasts; and Nilssonft and KeilhauJJ complete the 

 list of the principal writers regarding its hunting and commercial 

 importance generally. As I can add nothing of any novelty to their 

 descriptions, you will therefore allow me to refer to them for the 

 particulars which otherwise might have been given under this para- 

 graphic heading. 



(7) Cystophora cristata (Erxleb.), Nilss. 



Phoca cristata, Erxleb. 



Phoca leonina, O. Fab. (non Linn.). 



Phoca mitrata, Milbert (Cuv.). 



Phoca leucopla, Thienem. 



Phoca cucuUata, Bodd. 



Phoca dimidiata, Cretzsch. {fide Rupp.). 



Phoca isidorei. Less. 



Mirounga cristata. Gray. 



Cystophora cristata, Nilss. 



Cystophora borealis, Nilss. 



Stemmatopus cristatus, F. Cuv. 



Stemmatopus mitratus. Gray. 



Popular names. — " Bladdernose" or, shortly, " Bladder " (of nor- 

 thern sealers, Spitzbergen sea) ; Klappmysta (Swedish) ; Klakkekal, 

 Kahbutskobbe (Northern Norse) ; Kiknebb (Finnish) ; Avjor, Fatte- 

 iVwor/o, and Oa«rio (Lapp); Klaj)myds {Da.ms)[\; hence Egede, Gronl. 

 p. 46 : the word Ktapmyssen, used by him on page 62 of the same 

 work, Engl, trans., and supposed by some commentators to be 

 another name, means only the Klapmyds, according to the Danish 

 orthography); Klapmiitze (German ; hence Crantz, Gronl. i. p. 125 : 

 I have also occasionally heard the EngUsh sealers call it by this 



* The ordinary rifle is of comparatively little use in hunting this monster Seal. 

 Musket-balls will scarcely affect their pachydermatous side ; and I have often seen 

 leaden balls flattened on their skulls ! I have more than once seen it snap a 

 steel lance in two with its powerful molars. 



t Arctic Explorations. 



t ' The Open Polar Sea,' and 'An Arctic Boat-voyage.' 



§ Svenska Expeditionen til Spetsbergen ar 1861, &c.,pp. 168-182. 



II Letters from High Latitudes. 



if Seasons with the Sea-horses. 



** Nordkuste von Sibirien, ii. pp. 319, 320. 



tt Lm. cit. i. pp. 320-325. 



tl Reise i Ost- og Vest-Finnmarken &c. pp. 146-149. 



