1868] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE CANID.E. 493 



Animals, represents the Buansu (Cuon), the Jackal or Shidar (Saca- 

 lius indicus), the Cabul Greyhound {Canis cabniensis), the Tibetan 

 Terrier, Tibetan Mastiff (with four and five claws), Vulpes ferrilatus, 

 V. indicus, and V. subJiimachalus, as all having round pupils ; but I 

 doubt if in the three last-mentioned this is not a mistake of the artist. 



Dr. Riippell, in his 'Atlas,' figures the Fennec and the North- 

 African Foxes with round pupils. 



The dentition of the family is generally uniform. The normal 

 number of teeth is 42, viz. cutting-teeth |, canines j^, premolars ?£?, 

 sectorial teeth y^, tubercular grinders ^^. The incisors, canines, 

 first premolars, and the last lower molar have a single fang ; the 

 second and third upper premolars and all the premolars and molars 

 below, but the last, have two fangs. The upper sectorial or fourth 

 premolar and the last upper true molar have three fangs, the first 

 upper premolar four fangs. {Be Blainville.) 



Some genera of the family present certain anomalies. Thus 

 Icticyon has only 38 teeth, there being only one tubercular grinder on 

 each side of each jaw ; Cuon has 40 teeth — that is, has two tuber- 

 cular grinders on each side of the upper, and only one on each side of 

 the lower jaw. On the other hand, Thous and Megalotis have 44 

 teeth — that is, two tubercular grinders on each side of the upper, 

 and three on each side of the lower jaw. Sometimes some anomalous 

 specimens present an excess over the usual number of teeth : thus 

 M. de Blainville has figured a Mastiff with three tubercular grinders 

 on each side of each jaw, the hinder small, cylindrical. [^Ann. Fran^. 

 et Etrang. d'Atiat. ^'c. ii. p. 313, t. I. f. 2.) 



The sectorial teeth in the upper jaw, in all the typical Canidce, 

 are compressed, three-lobed, witb a small internal lobe close to the 

 front edge. In the aberrant Otocyon, on the contrary, the sectorial 

 tooth is nearly triangular, almost as wide as long, very unlike those 

 of the other Dogs. 



-'&'= 



I. Tubercular grinders in the upper and lower jaws ; false grinders 

 2 or 3 in each jaw. Head elongate ; nose more or less produced. 



Family 1. CANID.E. 



Tubercular grinders two in each jaw; molars r^ or more. Feet 

 produced ; toes .5/5, straight, free, with l)lunt, exposed, worn-tipped 

 claws ; the front iimer toe high up, rarely wanting. 



Canidre, Baird, Mam. N. Amer. p. 103, 1859. 



I. Normal Canidce. The upper sectorial grinders compressed, three- 

 lobed, with a small tubercle on the front of the inner edge. 



Section I. Lupine. The skull thick, solid ; the postorbital pro- 

 cess tliick, convex above and bent down at the tip. 



Lupince, Burmeister. 



