18(J8.] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE CANID.E. 509 



2. Canis ceylanicus, Shaw, Zool. i. 312. 

 Chien sanvar/e indien, Vossmar, Descript. 177.5, t. 

 Ceylon Boy, Penii. 



Bah. Ceylon. 



3. Canis TETRADACTYLA, Fischer, Syn. 292. 



Chien smivaye de Cayenne, Actes de la Soc. d'H. N. de Paris i 

 115 ; Meyer, Zool. Am. i. 134. 

 K'anis famUiaris cayanensis, Blainv. Osteogr. t. 7* (skull). 

 Ilab. Cayenne. 



4. Canis dingo. 



Ears erect. Tail elongate. Tubercular grinders l.—Blamvil/e. 

 Canis dingo, Blunienb. Handb. 103 ; Gray, List of Mamm. B. M. 

 57 ; Gerrard, Cat. of Bones of Mannn. 84. " 



Cfaviiliaris australadce, Hesm. M&mm. 190; Blainv. Osteoffr 

 t. 8 (skull). ^ ■ 



Dingo or Australasian Bog, Shaw, Gen. Zool. i. 277, f. 7(j. 

 Hah. Australia. 



Var. sumatrensis. Skull short ; face short, broad. Tubercidar 

 grinders |, well developed. 



Canis familiaris sumatrensis. 

 Hah. Sumatra. 



The Domestic Dog has been bred into various well-marked varie- 

 ties, some of which have existed from the earhest historical period, 

 and are to be found everywhere the companions of man. New 

 varieties are very rarely if ever produced ; and some of the old or 

 vyell-known varieties have a great tendency to die out, at least for a 

 time. Indeed all varieties are only to be retained by careful breed- 

 ing and weeding— that is, by the destruction, or at least exclusion 

 from breeding, of the examples that do not come up to the standard. 

 If this is not done, they soon deteriorate into the common Cur or the 

 Pariah Dog of India. 



JNIost varieties occur of very different sizes — from very laro-e to 

 large, middle-sized, small, or very small. ^ 



The varieties always present the same general external appearance, 

 and often have a peculiar colour. For example, the Poodles always 

 have curly hair. Other varieties occur with long or short smooth 

 hair, with bristling or rough hair, curly hair, or with a nearly naked 

 skin ; the latter generally also have imperfect teeth, or teeth that 

 early decay or drop out. 



Some varieties are malformations, as the Bull-Dog and the Pug 

 Dog have a short, imperfect upper jaw and a broken nose ; but this 

 malformation occurs as a subvariety among Spaniels, as in the Ja- 

 panese Sleeve-Dog ; and other Dogs (continued by breeding) have 

 the lips, on the sides of the mouth, very large and pendulous, as the 

 Mastiff. Several varieties also occur presenting short-lcggcd long- 

 bodied breeds— as the Turnspit, the Scotcii Terrier, and the Muff- 

 Dogs or Short-legged Spaniels. 



