March 27, 19 13] 



NATURE 



8- 



(2) These papers form valuable contributions 

 to the technology of iron enamelling-, for par- 

 ticular problems or aspects of the industry are 

 considered; but, so far as the technology of 

 tinning is concerned, there are only three papers : 

 one historical, another on the grey allotropic 



1 modification of tin, and the third giving short 

 accounts of processes for the recovery of tin from 

 tinned waste. 



The papers which deal with the composition of 

 various enamels and their mode of manufacture 

 are the most important, and much information, 

 gained by actual experience, is given. As very 

 . few works in the enamelling industry employ 

 chemists, a paper showing how the chemical com- 

 position of an enamel may be determined by cal- 

 culation has very wisely been included in the 

 series. The paper with the title "The Examina- 

 tion of Cast-iron Enamels " has not been happily 

 named. The translator is to be commended on 

 the satisfactory manner in which he has carried 

 out his work. Managers of enamel works and all 

 those concerned with the problems of the enamel- 

 ling industry will find much valuable information 

 in these papers. 



(3) This work deals chiefly with iron-founding, 

 and gives a general description of the materials 

 used, the methods adopted, and the appliances 

 employed. The influences of the various elements 

 usually present in cast-iron are discussed, and 

 several analyses of pig-iron are given. The cupola 

 and other foundry furnaces are briefly but clearly 

 described, and an exceedingly good and concise 

 description is given of moulding-sands and mould- 

 ing. It would have been an advantage to have 

 placed the sections on moulding-sand and 

 openers later in the book, so as they would 

 precede "Moulding." The book should prove 

 very useful to technical students and to engineers 

 who wish to gain a general idea of foundry 

 practice. 



OUR BOOKSHELF. 



Die sanitarisch-pathologische Bedctitung der 



Insekten und verwandten Gliedertiere, nameyit- 



lich als Krankheits-Erreger und Krankhcits- 



Uebertrager. By Prof. Emil A. Goldi. Pp. 



155. (Berlin : R. Friedliinder und Sohn, 1913.) 



Price 9 marks. 



Here we have a clear and compendious account of 



the Arthropods concerned in the causation of 



disease, particularly of tropical diseases. It will, 



perhaps, be more useful in the class-room than in 



the laboratory, since, though the author is very 



sound in his appreciation of the entomological 



factor in pathological research, he treats his 



Arthropods by a sort of criminatory standard 



peculiarly profitable to the novice. 



NO. 2265, VOL. 91] 



In the first section the Arthropods that bite and 

 sting in their several ways are dealt with, the 

 structure of the organ of offence and the nature 

 and effects of the injury being described in every 

 case. Here is included a multitude of figures of 

 urticating caterpillars from South America. It 

 will surprise those who know only the scorpions 

 of the Old World to learn from the author that 

 from 200 to 250 children are killed annually in 

 Mexico alone by scorpions. 



A second section is concerned with Arthropods 

 as parasites of man. These are differentiated as 

 occasional bloodsuckers so far as man is con- 

 cerned, such as mosquitoes, gadflies, &c. ; pro- 

 fessional bloodsuckers, such as Slomoxeinae, bed- 

 bugs, &c. ; and thoroughgoing parasites, such as 

 lice, fleas, bots, ticks, &c. The means and 

 methods of offence and the effects of the para- 

 sitism are discussed ; and the various kinds of 

 parasites are described and figured, so as to make 

 clear not only their general appearance, life- 

 history, and metamorphoses, but also many neces- 

 sary and contingent anatomical details. 



The third section treats of Arthropods as 

 carriers of specific pathogenic micro-organisms. 

 Here the text is plentifully illustrated with figures 

 of notorious micro-parasites in their various 

 phases, of the infected tissues and organs of the 

 specific Arthropod carrier, and of the disastrous 

 effects upon the ultimate victims — men and 

 domestic animals. 



The book is written in a crisp and (if the adjec- 

 tive may be allowed in this connection) attractive 

 style, and is well printed. 



Grundzuge der allgemeinen Phytopathologie. 



By Dr. H. Klebahn. Pp. 147. (Berlin : 



Gebriider Borntraeger, 1912.) Price 4.80 



marks. 

 Prof. Klebahn's high reputation as a research 

 worker in mycology leads one to expect in a book 

 from his pen exactly what one finds in this 

 volume : an admirable combination of clearness 

 and terseness, the essentials of the subject being 

 presented in a striking manner and the details of 

 minor importance lightly touched upon or 

 omitted. It is safe to assert that never has 

 such an accurate, interesting, and philosophical 

 account of the various diseases which afflict culti- 

 vated plants been compressed into fewer than 

 150 pages, and that this is probably the best 

 general introduction to the study of phytopatho- 

 logy that has yet been published. 



The book is characterised by its scientific rather 

 than technical treatment of the subject, the author 

 laying stress upon the necessity for a thorough 

 understanding of the symptoms and causes of 

 plant disease as a preliminary to the application 

 of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, and he 

 has deliberately limited his scope to pure patho- 

 logy. Before proceeding to consider the diseases 

 induced by fungi, insects, and other organisms, 

 he discusses chemical and physical conditions of 

 the soil, climatic conditions, wounds, smoke, and 

 chemical fumes as causes of disease in plants ; 



