May. 



1913] 



NATURE 



M 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Cambridge.- — An exhibition of 50/. a year tenable 

 for two years is offered each year by the governing- 

 body of Emmanuel College to a research student com- 

 mencing residence at Cambridge as a member of 

 Emmanuel College in October. Applications, accom- 

 panied by two certificates of good character, should 

 be sent to the master of Emmanuel not later than 

 September 24. 



The next combined examination for fifty-six entrance 

 scholarships and a large number of exhibitions at 

 Pembroke, Gonville and Caius, Jesus, Christ's, St. 

 John's, and Emmanuel Colleges will be held on 

 Tuesday, December 2, and following days, commenc- 

 ing at g a.m. on Tuesday, December 2. Mathematics, 

 classics, natural sciences, and history will be the sub- 

 jects of examination at all the above-mentioned col- 

 leges. Most of the colleges allow candidates who 

 intend to study mechanical sciences to compete for 

 scholarships and exhibitions by taking the papers set 

 in mathematics or natural sciences. A candidate for 

 a scholarship or exhibition at any of the six colleges 

 must not be more than nineteen years of age on 

 October 1, 1913. Forms of application for admission 

 to the examination at the respective colleges may be 

 obtained from the masters of the several colleges, 

 from any of whom further information respecting the 

 scholarships and exhibitions and other matters con- 

 nected with the colleges may be obtained. The forms 

 of application must be sent in on or before Saturday, 

 November 22. 



Mr. W. Dawson has been appointed reader in 

 forestry in the University until September 30, 1917. 



Oxford. — Additional buildings are about to be pro- 

 vided for research and teaching purposes in connection 

 with the School of Forestry. The expense will be met 

 partly out of the funds at the disposal of the Delegates 

 for Forestry, and partly by a grant of 1000Z. from the 

 Development Fund controlled by the Treasury. The 

 Council of the Surveyors' Institution has contributed 

 210/. towards the cost of a research laboratory on the 

 diseases of trees. 



Convocation has authorised the curators of the 

 University Chest to receive the sum of 6000Z. from the 

 trustees of the University Endowment Fund, to be 

 applied to the building and equipment of the new 

 laboratory of engineering science, as soon as the 

 allotted site shall have been legally secured to the 

 University. 



Dr. J. Argyll Campbell, junior assistant to Prof. 

 Schafer, in the University of Edinburgh, has been 

 appointed professor of physiology in the University 

 of Singapore. 



The fortieth annual dinner of the old students of 

 the Royal School of Mines will be held on Monday, 

 June 9, at the Cate Monico, Piccadillv Circus. Mr. 

 Frank Merricks will be in the chair. Tickets may be 

 obtained from .the hon. secretary, Mr. T. A. Rickard, 

 820 Salisbury House, E.C. 



The St. George's Gallery, New Bond Street, was 

 the scene last week of an interesting exhibition of 

 photographs of the Holy Land. These photographs 

 were the work of Miss Sophie Nicholls, who travelled 

 in Palestine in 1910-1 1 as a Frances Mary Buss travel- 

 ling scholar. The scenic and panoramic views force 

 upon the mind the aridity of the land, the apparent 

 unchangeable character of the works of man in the 

 towns or villages which are tucked, as it 

 were, into crannies of the bleak hill slopes. A 

 NO. 2273, VOL. 91] 



set of twelve of the most typical views has been com- 

 piled for the use of schools and colleges, and an 

 explanatory book containing topographical maps 

 showing the position of t lie camera and its range of 

 view is in preparation. Particulars of these publica- 

 tions may be obtained from Messrs. J. A. Sinclair and 

 Co., Ltd., 54 Haymarket, S.W. 



The Board of Education has issued (Cd. 6795) its 

 regulations for the training of teachers for elementary 

 schools, to come into force on August 1 next. Sub- 

 stantial changes will then be made with regard to 

 the curriculum and examinations of students who will 

 follow the ordinary two years' course of the training 

 college. The majority of students entering the train- 

 ing colleges now have had four years' education in a 

 secondary school, whereas, when the old regulations 

 for training colleges were drawn up, the general 

 education of their students on entry was often very 

 meagre. The changes are in the direction of diminish- 

 ing the time devoted to general education by the 

 training-college student and increasing that given to 

 what are called "professional" subjects. More pro- 

 minence, too, is to be given to practical work in 

 teaching while at college. It has been found neces- 

 sary to add to the equipment of the primary-school 

 teacher a knowledge of hygiene and physical training, 

 and both these subjects are classed as professional. 

 Elementary science is rightly considered a subject of 

 general education. Physics, chemistry, botany, rural 

 science, and housecraft are called "additional," or 

 "subjects which are not ordinarily needed by elemen- 

 tary-school teachers, but which may in certain cases 

 be included in the training-college curriculum, either 

 because they would be useful for teachers in schools 

 of a special type, or because the student may desire 

 to study them with a view to improving his own 

 general education." 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 

 London. 



Royal Society, May 8. — Sir Archibald Geikie, 

 K.C.B., President, in the chair.— A. D. Waller : The 

 various inclinations of the electrical axis of the human 

 heart. This paper is in substance the direct continua- 

 tion of a communication made to the society in 1889 

 (Phil. Trans., p. 169), in which it was shown (1) that 

 the electrical effects accompanying the beat of the 

 human heart can be demonstrated and studied by 

 "leading off" from the mouth and from the extremi- 

 ties ; and (2) that in consequence of the oblique situa- 

 tion of the heart in the thorax these "leads" are to be 

 classified as favourable and unfavourable or strong 

 and weak. Of the six possible leads from the four 

 extremities, three are strong (transverse, axial, right 

 lateral) and three are weak (inferior, equatorial, left 

 lateral). Of the four possible leads from the mouth 

 and one extremity, one is weak (right superior) and 

 three are strong (left superior, right and left inferior). 

 The electrical equator is an imaginary line of zero 

 potential across the chest from left shoulder to right 

 side. The electrical current axis is from right shoulder 

 to left side, at right angles to the equator. — Surgeon- 

 General Sir D. Bruce, Majors D. Harvey and A. E. 

 Hamerton, and Lady Bruce : Trypanosome diseases of 

 domestic animals in Nyasaland. III., Trypanosoma 

 pecorum. — T. Goodey : The Encystation of Colpoda 

 cucidlus from its resting cysts and the nature and 

 properties of the cyst membranes. The ectocyst rup- 

 tures and sets free the transparent endocyst. Both 

 ectocyst and endocyst are composed of carbohydrate 

 substances and are resistant to acids, weak alkalies, 



