44Q 



NATURE 



[June 26, 1913 



Newcastle-on-Tyne, S. Robson ; University College, 

 Xottingham, T. A. Smith; University of Sheffield, 

 C. C. Bissett ; University College of North Wales, 

 Bangor, R. Jones; University College, Cork, J. C. 

 Johnson ; University College, Galway, H. N. Morri- 

 son; McGill University, Montreal, O. Maass; Queen's 

 University, Kingston, Ontario, J. R. Tuttle; Univer- 

 sity of Sydney, S. E. Pierce ; University of Melbourne, 

 N. R. Junner; University of New Zealand, P. W. 

 Burbridge. 



We learn from Science that the total State grant 

 to the University of California for the next biennium 

 amounts to about 771,400!. Among the items con- 

 tributing to this large sum may be mentioned : — Sup- 

 port and maintenance of the University, 80,000!. ; 

 agriculture — support and maintenance of all branches 

 — 140,000!. ; replacement of buildings and equipment 

 at Lick Observatory, 10,000/. ; University extension, 

 10 000!. ; Scripps Institution for Biological Research, 

 3000?. ; 200 acres for experiment station in southern 

 California, 12,000!. ; laboratory building for experi- 

 ment station in southern California, 20,000?. ; the State 

 University fund to be automatically appropriated 

 during the coming two years for the support and 

 maintenance of the University, amounting in total 

 to 361,000!. From the same source we find that Yale 

 University will received 95,000!. from the estate of 

 Dr. Francis Bacon, who died last year. Mrs. Marv 

 Emery has contributed 25,000!. to the Ohio-Miami 

 Medical College of the University of Cincinnati for 

 the endowment of a chair of pathology ; and a sum of 

 about 16,000!. from the estate of Dr. Francis Brun- 

 ning has also been received by the Universitv, the 

 income of which will be used for the endowment of 

 a second chair. 



An appeal for funds for the Home Science Depart- 

 ment of King's College for Women has been issued. 

 It is signed by Lord Rosebery, as Chancellor of the 

 University of London, as well as by the Vice-Chan- 

 cellor and Principal of the University. A site of 

 2J acres of Blundell House grounds on Campden Hill 

 has been secured, and private gifts to the amount of 

 ioo,oooZ. have been subscribed during the last year 

 and a half towards endowment, building of labora- 

 tories, and hostel. The London County Council has 

 also made a maintenance grant to the department, 

 thereby showing appreciation of the value of the 

 courses, and the Exchequer grant to King's College 

 for Women was made partly in respect of the work 

 of the Home Science Department. The University 

 has approved the granting of a diploma in household 

 and social science, and in view of the new status thus 

 assured it is necessary to complete the college by 

 providing, in addition to laboratories and the hostel, 

 lecture rooms and teaching rooms, common rooms for 

 staff and students, and that accommodation essential 

 to the life of a college or institution of a university 

 character. A library will be needed, also a refectorv. 

 For this purpose a further sum of 50,000!. is required. 

 Donations mav be sent to the bursar, Home Science 

 Department, King's College for Women, 13 Kensing- 

 ton Square, W. 



Dr. F. W. Mott gave the third Chadwick lecture 

 at the Royal Society of Arts on Fridav, June 20. Sir 

 James Crichton Browne was in the chair. The sub- 

 ject of the lecture was "The Influence of Nutrition 

 and the Influence of Education on Mental Develop- 

 ment." Dr. Mott commenced by pointing out the 

 close association of body and mind ; he observed that 

 the child's brain, in order to grow and develop 

 mental powers, must have the innate capacitv to grow, 

 and a proper supply of pure oxygenated blood where- 

 NO. 2278, VOL. 91] 



with it can take up the necessary materials for 

 growth and function. A pure blood-supply, he 

 argued, could onlv occur in a normal healthy bodv 

 in which all the organs and tissues were cooperating 

 for the common weal ; the body could only be main- 

 tained in health by adequate and proper nourishment 

 amidst hygienic surroundings. He next referred to 

 collective and individual responsibility in respect to 

 the child's nurture and mental development, and pro- 

 ceeded to give physiological reasons why the brain 

 required stimulus from without for development. The 

 importance of the tactile muscular sense, which con- 

 tributes to every other sense, was emphasised, and he 

 showed how the minds of Laura Bridgeman and 

 Helen Keller were developed to a high degree of 

 intelligence through the finger-tips. Sleep, rest of 

 the brain, and the storage of mental energy were next 

 touched upon as an important factor in the develop- 

 ment of mind. Dr. Mott then passed on to consider 

 the improvements in some modern systems of educa- 

 tion ; the happy passing away of the old system of 

 payment of teachers by results, the desirability of 

 educating according to physiological principles of 

 development of function. The object of education 

 should be to develop the physical, intellectual, and 

 moral characters of the individual so as to make a 

 final efficient product to fill a place in the social 

 organism. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 

 London. 

 Geological Society, June 11.— Dr. Aubrey Strahan, 

 president, and afterwards Mr. W. Whitaker, in the 

 chair. — Dr. Hans Salfeld : Certain Upper Jurassic 

 strata of England. The localities dealt with are the 

 Dorset coast from Kimmeridge to Abbotsbury, and 

 the Wiltshire exposures at Swindon and Westbury. 

 The formations concerned are the Portlandian, Kim- 

 meridgian, and for a starting-point the Upper Ox- 

 fordian. The Upper Oxfordian = upper part of the 

 English Corallian ( + Kimmeridge Clay locally) is 

 divided into three zones, found at Osmington, West- 

 bury, and Swindon. The Kimmeridgian is divided 

 into five zones, and is equal mainly to the Lower 

 Kimmeridge Clay of English authors. The Port- 

 landian is divided into nine zones; but the term as 

 used includes the Portland Oolites, Portland Sands, 

 and Upper Kimmeridge Clay of British authors. 

 Three new genera of ammonites are named, and two 

 new zonal species of ammonites defined. — A. Jowett : 

 The volcanic rocks of the Forfarshire coast and their 

 associated sediments. In Forfarshire these sediments 

 are frequently amygdaloidal, the production of the 

 cavities having been accompanied by the buckling and 

 fracturing of the layers of sediment. Such effects mav 

 result from the pouring of molten rock over wet un- 

 consolidated sediment; steam being produced within 

 the sediment, but unable to escape owing- to the pre- 

 sence of the overlying rock. Further evidence of the 

 pouring of molten rock into water is furnished by the 

 occurrence of a rude pillow-structure in some of the 

 lavas. Several lenticular conglomerates are inter- 

 bedded with the volcanic rocks, resting upon eroded 

 surfaces of the latter. Most of the volcanic rocks are 

 olivine-basalts, rhombic pyroxene as well as olivine 

 sometimes being present. Some contain rhombic 

 pyroxene to the exclusion of olivine. The fine sedi- 

 ments consist of a variable proportion of quartz and 

 mica and a little felspar, together with chlorite, iron 

 oxides, and occasional minute fragments of volcanic 

 rock. Calcite, quartz, chalcedony, and chlorite are 

 the commonest minerals in the amygdales, in both 



