METEOROLOGY. 



Beet root sugar is one of the most important products of Russia, and the amount for 1848 

 in Koursk and Khessonalow was 1,093,585 pounds from 2,324 acres emplo^'ed in this manner. 



Wines. — Only the provinces south of latitude 49° produce the vine, and of these the six here 

 considered are the principal. In 1849, these produced 24,245,000 gallons, worth 2,804,100 

 dollars. If similar climate and soil prove anything, the same kind of vine should succeed as 

 well in most parts of Nebraska. 



The hop vine is native and abundant in the hilly parts of Nebraska and Washington Ter- 

 ritories; and two or three native species of flax may become worthy of cultivation in both places. 



These provinces also produce the principal part of the fruits of Russia, especially apples. 



Garden vegetables are, however, less productive. Hay and other fodder, being naturally sup- 

 plied in abundance, is not much cultivated. 



Flax is cultivated only for the oil of its seeds, though it succeeds well. Hemj) is not 

 pi'oduced. 



Tobacco in these provinces is produced to the extent of about 2,500,000 pounds, the best 

 being from Kherson and Taurido, and worth 20 cents a pound. This is probably the Turkish 

 tobacco, which will grow in a dry climate. 



The products of the great extent of grazing land form, however, a much more important 

 source of wealth to these provinces; and the following numbers show what proportion of various 

 stock may be expected as the future animal wealth of Nebraska: 



Horses, 2,015,190; cattle, 4,754,450; sheep, 11,950,110. To the square mile: horses, 8; 

 cattle, 18; sheep, 42; which, deducting the proportion of land otherwise used, would be much 

 increased. 



Hogs, poultry, bees, and silkworms also form a large proportion of the producing stock of 

 these provinces, but need not be here included in the special estimates. 



', The export of wheat from the two ports of Odessa and Taganrog is over 18,000,000 bushels, 

 while the three other principal ports. Archangel, St. Petersburg, and Riga, export only about 

 6,000,000 bushels, thus showing the far greater productiveness of the provinces bordering on 

 the Black sea in this important staple. 



Agricultural products of Red River valley from Pembina to Fort Garry, latitude 49^ to 50° 15'. — 

 (Report on Exploration between Lake Superior and Red River Settlement, Toronto, 1858, p. 319. j 



Indian corn may always be expected to ripen, and is a sure crop on the dry parts of the 

 prairie, while the rich and moist soil requires draining to produce it. The Horse- tooth and 

 Mandan varieties are those CTiltivated. It was found growing and ripening near the mouth of 

 Winnipeg river, latitude 50° 30'. 



Wheat. — This is the staple crop, and its general success and good quality are well knowji. 

 Forty bushels to the acre is a common return on new land, and a Mr. Gowlee obtained fifty-six, 

 with no improvement except deep ploughing to make the land dry. Wet spri7igs are the 

 greatest obstacle to its success, and the only reason it is not more cultivated is the want of a 

 market. Rust and fly were unknown, but the grasshoppers have been very destructive. Barley 

 and oats are so easily raised that they were not considered worthy of special notice. 



Hay. — The natural growth is unlimited in quantity and excellent in quality. 



-ffops.— These grow wild everywhere and with the greatest luxuriance. 



Peas. — Grow well and yield abundantly. 



Tobacco is cultivated to a small extent, but appears to be badly dried and manufactured. 



