ZOOLOGY. 119 



from the different private American traders and companies, only 2,000 being annually collected 

 by the Hudson Bay Company. At the great sale mentioned they brought from 11 pence to 

 2 guineas each, and were collected during the previous year. They were principally in 

 demand for the Germans and Prussians, who use them for caps, &c., <fec. 



The raccoon is the hellojoes of the Nisqually Indians, and by them is considered the second 

 species of icild-cat which inhabits their country ! 



A fine male P. hernandezii was obtained by me at Fort Steilacoom October 21, 1856. It 

 measured as follows: 



? Nose to base of tail 32.00 inches. 



Vertebra} of tail 11.50 " 



Tail to the tip of hair 13.25 " 



Easy girth behind shoulders 13. 25 " 



S. 



URSUS HORRIBILIS, Ord. 



Grizzly Bear. 



Utsus horribilis, Obd, Guthrie's Geography, 2d Am. Ed. II, 1815, 291, 299. 



Sat, In Long's Expd. II, 1823, 53. 

 Ursusferox, ("Lewis & Clabk,") Ricuakdson, F. B. A. I, 1829, 21 \ pi. i. 



AuD. & Bach, N. A. Quad. Ill, 1853, 141 ; pi. cxxxi. 

 ir/ife bear, Bakton, Phila. Med. and I'hyg. Jour. I, 1805, 75. 

 Grizzly, gray, while, and brown bear, Lewis & Clakk, passim. 



Sp. Cii.— Size very large. Tail shorter than ears. Hair coarse, darliest near the base, with light tips. An erect mane 

 between the shoulders. Feet very large ; fore claws twice as long as the hinder ones. A darli dorsal stripe from occiput to 

 tail, and another lateral one on each side along the flanks, obscured and nearly concealed by the light tips ; intervals between 

 the stripes lighter. All the hairs on the body brownish-yellow or hoary at tips. Region around the ears dusliy ; legs 

 nearly black. Muzzle pale, without a darlter dorsal stripe. 



BEARS. 



White or Grizzly; Yellow Bear; Brown or Cinnamon. 



There is a great diversity of opinion whether these are the same bears under a different 

 condition of peltry, age, &c., or not. It is certain that the young of the grizzly do not necessarily 

 differ in color from the old, as I have seen gray or white cubs as well as old bears, and the two 

 varieties inhabit the same districts of country. Lewis and Clark suppose them to be the same, 

 and mention a peculiarity that I never thought of noticing, i. e., their bearing the testicles in 

 separate bags, from two to four inches apart, pendant from the belly, and further forward than 

 those of the black bear. Both are abundant throughout California. I saw great numbers in 

 1851 upon the true Coast range of that State, or the one lying between Russian and Eel rivers 

 and the Pacific. They are abundant, also, upon the "Bald Hills," between Humboldt bay and 

 the Klamath, and on the mountains between the Klamath and Trinity rivers; in fact, almost 

 everywhere that the oaks and manzanita (shrubby arbutus) furnish acorns and berries. Of 

 the berries of this manzanita, which resemble, in size and character, those of the arbutus uva 

 ursi, they are very fond. They also dig up the nest of the "yellow jacket wasp," which 

 abounds in the mountains. More to the northward they become scarce near the coast. I have 

 never heard of them on the Coast range between the Willamette and the sea. Neither are 

 they found to the north of the Columbia, though the Chinooks have a separate name for them, 



