ZOOLOGY. 305 



them around a spring on the high mountain spur between the Yakima and Columbia rivers, 

 over 4,000 feet above the sea, and also obtained a few at Chequass, in the Klickatat Pass, at the 

 same elevation. I was inclined to think that the great dryness of the summer east of the 

 Cascade range had driven them from the trees to seek for water. I found them also, but 

 rarely, at Shoalwater bay, where they seem to leave the trees less often. Those which have 

 brown markings are much larger than the others, and not so frequently found. 



The shrill "peep" of this frog is often heard, but it is difficult to see the performer in its 

 shelter among the green leaves. — C. 



Specimens of this beautiful little tree toad, caught April 3, 1855, had the ground color of 

 upper parts pale green, mottled by small irregular patches of a slightly deeper shade, which 

 are bordered by streaks of black. Inside of thighs and legs of a yellowish flesh color. 

 Black streak from the shoulder to the end of the nose, passing through the centre of the eyes. 

 Caught in a dry situation on the upland near Fort Dalles. It is found at a considerable 

 distance from water or trees. It is fond of clinging to rocks, but otherwise had the habits of 

 a tree toad. — S. 



Tribe II. — Uradela.— Tailed B a t r a c h i a n s . 

 TARICHA TOROSA, Gray. 



Tlie Warty Salamander. 



Trilon toroaus, Escti. Zool. Atl. V, 1833, 12 Taf. xxi, fig. 15. 



TViion ermani, Wiegm. in Erman's Keise urn die Erile, 1835, and Arch, fur Naturg, 1836, II, 250. 



Salamandra beecheyi. Gray ; Beechcy's voyage, Zool. 1839, 99. 



Triltm granulosus, Skilton, Amer. Journ. Sc. VII, 1849, 202 ; pi. figs. 4 and 5. 



Notophihalmus iorosus, Baird, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1, 1850, p. 284, 



PleuTodeles calif orniae, Bier. Mus. Zool. Sec. (Gray.) 



Taricha torosa, Gray, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus. II, 1850, p. 25.— Gibaed, U. S. Expl. Exped. Hespetology, 1858, p. 5, 

 figs. 1-8. 

 Sp. Ch. — Tail longer than the head and body together, compressed, provided with a slightly elevated membranous keel 

 upon its upper and lower edges. Tip of toes callous ; inner toes in both pair of limbs very small. Skin granular. Color, 

 rich dark brown above, with minute pale dots ; sides and beneath, orange or yellow ; iris, gold color. 



This salamander is usually found during the day crawling slowly about the woods, often at 

 a considerable distance from the water. They are so slow and stupid as never to attempt to 

 get out of the way, and seem, therefore, to be soon exterminated where hogs are allowed to 

 range in the woods. I found them far most abundant in the damp spruce forests near the 

 coast, but have also found them everywhere as far east as the summits of the Cascade mountains, 

 where, at a height of over 4, 000 feet above the sea, I obtained the first full grown specimen 

 met with, on August 5, 1853. This one, as if to verify the popular fable of the salamander, 

 was caught while leisurely crawling through the ashes of our camp fire, no doubt driven out 

 of the ground b)' the heat. I have met with this animal crawling about in January and 

 February, but in severe weather it hybernates in the mud at the bottom of ponds, where, if 

 shallow, it sometimes is killed by freezing, as I have found a large number dead in this way. 

 In March and April they seek the water to spawn, and their loud piping may then be heard 

 at night, everywhere, though they are silent at other seasons. In May their spawn is found 

 attached to twigs in the water, after which time they seek the land again. I found young 

 ones about two inches long in Julj^, which were entirely aquatic, and had external branchiae 

 or gills, but in color were exactly like the adult animal. When in the water this is a very 

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