ZOOLOGY. 349 



America, bring vast quantities of these fish with them when visiting the white settlements on 

 Puget Sound. The fish thus brought are for the consumption of the strangers during their 

 stay, and have been simply dried, without salt, and for convenience in drjdng or transportation 

 have been strung on sharp, pliable sticks which are passed through the heads. 



In July, 1856, Dr. William Fraser Tolmie, chief fector of the Hon. Hudson Bay Company, 

 a gentleman well known to naturalists for his interest in science, presented me with a bunch 

 of dried eulachon, which he had obtained from some of the "Northern" Indians. Dr. Tolmie 

 also gave me the following memoranda: "These fish were caught at the mouth of Nass river, 

 which empties into salt water near latitude 54° 40' north. The Indian name of the species is 

 almost unspellable. Formerly they were quite abundant between the 4Gth and 49th parallels 

 of north latitude. They are now but seldom caught south of latitude 50° north in any great 

 number. North of that point they are still taken by the savages in vast quantities, and are 

 smoked and dried for trade and home consumption. When eaten after being thus prepared 

 they should be either steamed or broiled." When thus cooked they are very palatable, an"cl 

 some that I have eaten, which had been salted like "Dutch herring" or " Yarmouth bloaters," 

 as food are equal to any salt fish that exists. These fish are so fat that Avhen dried the Indians 

 frequently use them as substitutes for candles, as they burn when set on end with a clear, 

 brilliant flame. 



Several eulacJion in the recent state were obtained by me from different portions of the lower 

 end of Puget Sound and the straits. I am particularly indebted to Lieutenant Murden, of the 

 United States revenue service, for a pair of excellent specimens of these, as well as for many 

 other objects of natural history which he was often kind enough to collect for me. 



Eulachon, like trout and salmon, are frequently so fat that strong alcohol destroys them. Any 

 person who will discover a preservative fluid which will keep fish of this family in good 

 anatomical condition, and to a certain extent (for that is all we can hope for) without effacing 

 the natural colors of the fish, will confer a great favor to ichthyologists. I have tried various 

 solutions but think my experience is in favor of strong alcohol diluted with one-third its bulk 

 of fresh water, with a little common powdered alum added. The alum is thrown in for the 

 same purpose that housewives frequently put it in their pickle jars, for the sake of what they 

 call "fastening the colors" of the articles to be preserved.* Using a solution as above upon a 

 handsome salmon trout, I had the opportunity of examining the fish one month afterwards 

 when it was in a very good state of preservation, the red spots being almost of natural hue. 

 I then sent the fish on its perilous voyage to Washington city. This voyage, which has so 

 frequently blasted my endeavors icthyological, was, as usual, disastrous, the specimen, with 

 many others, never having been heard from. 



* Care should be tiken that too much alum is not adiled, as it is apt to attack the bones. 



