14 MESSRS. MURIE AND MIVART ON THE 
under the first; they spring from the lambdoidal suture close to each other, from above 
the middle of the insertion of the cleido-mastoid, and, running parallel, are inserted into 
the back of the ear. The longest is above, the shortest beneath. 
The muscles of the external ear in the genus Galago are peculiar in their complexity ; 
and their action has, as before said, been noticed by Mr. A. D. Bartlett in the P. Z. S. 
1863, p. 231. G. monteiri, he says, “has the power of turning its ears back and 
folding them up when at rest,” which phenomenon is well displayed in the excellent 
plate, no. xxviii., in the same volume. 
The action (produced by muscles, the fibres of which are of the striped variety, and 
mainly by the retrahens aurem) consists in a folding downwards of the summit of the 
ear behind its posterior margin, producing a wrinkling of the ear, which is thrown into 
numerous transverse folds, reminding us of a fan closed, or of the reefing of a ship’s 
sail. This evidently is by the muscular contraction acting from behind, namely, the 
powerful retrahens aurem and mingled fibres of the attollens. The former of these, 
covering more or less the dorsum of the ear, seems to drag the point backwards and 
downwards, and while so doing creases the membrane of the ear itself (Pl. I. fig. 4). 
b. Facial and Mandibular Regions. 
The ORBICULARIS PALPEBRARUM in Z, catta surrounds the orbit as usual. 
In Lemur varius it is figured by Cuvier, ‘ Planches de Myologie,’ pl. 69. fig. i, d. 
The circlet of muscular fibre representing this muscle in Galago crassicaudatus is 
broad, agreeing thus with the large orbit and eyelids which this animal possesses 
(PL. IL. fig. 5, O.p). In G. allenii, though a small animal, this muscle is very distinctly 
marked; and the fibres, firmly attached to the skin, as usual, form a subcircular band 
round the orbit. 
In Loris gracilis it is, as might be expected, large, as represented by Cuvier’. 
It is very thin in Zarsius’*. 
TemporaLis.—This is strongly developed (as Meckel says*, “ surtout les makis Cont 
plus fort que Thomme), and has the usual origin and insertion ; but its anterior portion is 
continued along the outer margin of the coronoid process, and is inserted by a distinct 
narrow tendon with a pit at the junction of the ascending ramus with the horizontal one. 
Its insertion is not shown in Cuvier’s figure* of Lemur varius. 
In L. xanthomystax and in L. nigrifrons we found this muscle equally large ; and the 
part giving rise to the aforesaid tendon is easily resolvable into a separate superficial 
layer of muscles. In this latter respect there is an approach to the condition found in 
some of the Rodents’. 
In the Galagos this muscle answers to the description above given of it in L, catta. 
See that of Galago crassicaudatus (Pl. I. fig. 3, Pl. IIL. fig. 6, and Pl. IV. fig. 11, Ze). 
1 Loe. cit. pl. 67. figs. 1 and 2, d. ? Loe. cit. p. 30, tab. 3. fig. 1, a. * Anat. Comp. vol. viii. p. 751. 
* Loe. cit. pl. 69. fig. 1, d. * See Meckel, vol. viii. p. 577, and P. Z. 8. 1866, p. 389, 
