LIVING IN THE SOCIETY'S MENAGERIE. 339 
in our Gardens. The Persian Deer is remarkable for its long, narrow, pointed head, 
whereas the Cashmir Deer has a short head like the Red Deer, Cervus elaphus. 
A second very noticeable point of distinction is the colour of the upper surface of the 
tail, which in Cervus maral is pale brown or ferruginous, in Cervus cashmeerianus is dark, 
very nearly black. The anal disk is also smaller in the latter animal and more darkly 
margined. 
Now as to the term wallichii. This name was established by Cuvier in 1825 (Oss. 
Foss. ed. 3, iv. p. 504), upon a drawing made by M. Duvaucel from an animal living in 
1822 in the Barrackpore Menagerie, which drawing was subsequently published by 
F. Cuvier in the ‘Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres’ (pl. 356). We learn from 
Mr. Blyth (J. A. S. B. x. p. 745), who has carefully investigated General Hardwicke’s 
MSS. on this subject, that this animal was originally brought from Muktenauth, near 
Dewaligiri, to the east of the Gundhuk river, but beyond the snowy range', about five 
weeks’ journey from the valley of Nepaul. The horns of this individual are still in the 
Museum of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta; and Mr. Blyth had “compared them care- 
fully with mature horns of both the Hungal” (i.e. Cervus cashmirensis) “and the Shou” 
(i. e. Cervus affinis), and, “though it is impossible to pronounce with confidence, is 
inclined to refer them to the former.” But Dr. Jerdon, who has also examined into 
the question, is inclined to think that Cuvier’s figure represents Cervus affinis; and if 
the locality whence the animal came has been correctly stated, I should think there can 
be little doubt that this latter view is correct. Whichever be the case, there can be no 
doubt that it is quite erroneous to apply the name wadllichii to the Caucasian species. 
3. CERVUS CASHMEERIANUS. (Plate XXX.) 
Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer, MS. (1839). 
wallichii, Blyth, P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 79. 
“ Kashmir Stag,” Blyth, J. A. S. B. x. p. 747 (1841). 
“ Cervus cashmerensis, Falconer, MS.”’, Gray, Osteol. Cat. B. M. p. 65 (1847). 
casperianus, Gray, ibid. p. 147 (1847). f 
wallichii, Gray, Letterpress to ‘Knowsley Menagerie,’ vol. i. p. 60; Cat. of Ungulata Fur- 
cipeda, i. p. 197; P. Z. S. 1852, p. 227. 
“Shu, or Tibetan Stag,” Cunningham, Ladak, p. 201 (1854). 
Cervus cashmeriensis, Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 529. 
wallichii, Gray, Cat. of Bones of Mamm. in Brit. Mus. p. 258 (1862). 
cashmirensis, Sclater, List of Vert. Z. S. L. p. 47 (1866). 
wallichii, Jerdon, Mammals of India, p. 250 (1867). 
cashmeerianus, Falconer, Paleont. Memoirs, i. p. 576 (1868). 
wallichii, Kinloch, Game of Thibet and the North-west, p. 44 (1869). 
The first scientific traveller who appears to have recognized the existence of a large 
species of Cervus, allied to our Cervus elaphus, in Cashmeer was the late Dr. Hugh 
* Of. Jerdon’s ‘Mammals of India,’ p. 252. 
