544 MR. P. L. SCLATER ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF DEER 
Deer is only found in Cashmeer; but Hodgson’s Cervus nariyanus (J. A.S. B. xx. p. 393, 
pl. 8), said to be from Gnari or Western Tibet, may be the same animal. 
5. Cervus MARAL. (Persian Deer.) Inhabits the Caucasus, and thence ranges into 
Armenia and Northern Persia. 
6. CERVUS BARBARUS. (Barbary Deer.) ‘This is the representative of the Red Deer 
in the Atlas and adjoining districts, which, as is now well known, are still zoologically, as 
they were in former days territorially, part of Europe. 
4, CeRvUS MANTCHURICUS. (Plates XXXI., XXXII.) 
Cervus wallichii, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 134. 
pseudawis, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 236, t. xxvii. 
hortulorum et C. mantchuricus, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 169, et 1865, p. 1. 
—— mantchuricus, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1864, p. 721, 1865, p. 1; List of Vert. ed. 3, p. 27, ed. 4, p. 47; 
Zool. Sketches, ii. tab. xiii. 
Next to the typical Cervi comes a small group of deer confined to China and Japan, 
which are undoubtedly closely allied to the Elaphine series, but are distinguishable by 
their inferior size, the distinct spotting of the summer dress, and the invariable want of 
the brow-antler. Of all of these we have living examples in the Society's collection ; 
and two out of the three have bred with us. They are chiefly distinguishable inter se 
by their size, the present species being the largest of the three. 
The Mantchurian Deer, like the Cervus xanthopyqus, was first discovered when the 
English and French forces entered the parks of the Summer Palace, near Pekin, in 
October 1860. Mr. Swinhoe obtained from Lieut.-Col. Sarel three skins of this animal 
(procured on this occasion), and forwarded them to this Society’, by whom they were 
presented to the British Museum. Mr. Swinhoe at first thought that this deer, as well 
as the larger deer procured at the same time (which afterwards turned out to be Cervus 
vanthopygus), might be referable to Cervus wallichii. Dr. Gray subsequently communi- 
cated to the Society a notice of these specimens, but referred them to Cervus pseudaais*, 
under which name also he has given a good figure of what Mr. Swinhoe regards as a 
“* two-year-old buck,” but which is probably a somewhat older animal. This specimen 
is now in the gallery of the British Museum, and is, I have no doubt, identical with our 
living Cervus mantchuricus. 
In 1864 Mr. Swinhoe having had another opportunity of examining heads of the larger 
deer of the Summer Palace (Cervus xanthopygus), convinced himself that they were quite 
distinct from the smaller species which Dr. Gray had determined as C. pseudavis. Mr. 
Swinhoe was likewise of opinion that the smaller species could not be the true Cervus 
pseudaxis, and proposed the new name hortulorum for it®. In the same letter Mr. 
‘ See Mr. Swinhoe’s letter, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 134. 2 P. Z.S8. 1861, p. 236. 
* See Mr. Swinhoe’s letter, P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 168. 
