394 PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE GENUS DINORNIS. 
In fig. 3 a bristle is represented passing through the ‘‘ punctum lacrymale” and along 
the lacrymal duct into the nasal chamber, where it terminates between the second and 
third turbinals. In fig. 4 are shown three of the ligaments of the lower jaw. The 
“ occipito-mandibular ligament” (m) is attached above to the paroccipital ridge (+4), 
crosses the back part of the “‘ membrana tympani,” but behind the ‘“‘ meatus auditorius,” 
to be fixed into the external and posterior articular ridge of the mandible. The “ tym- 
pano-mandibular” ligament (7) is attached above to the back part of the articular cup 
for the ‘‘ squamosal,” and below to the anterior and external articular ridge. The “ zygo- 
mandibular ligament” (9) is attached to the slightly expanded hind end of the zygomatic 
element or representative of the squamosal, and below to the outer side of the mandible 
between the temporal and masseteric insertions; some fibres of the masseter are derived 
from both these ligaments, respecting which I may quote the remark from my first 
Memoir on Apteryx, “that they are an essential part of the mechanism of a beak 
which is destined to be forcibly thrust into the ground, and used in a variety of ways 
to overcome considerable resistance ” (tom. cit. p. 264). 
The short struthious tongue of the Apteryx, described at p. 264 of the first Memoir, 
is shown at / in fig. 1, Pl. XLV. The “ mylo-hyoideus” muscle is reflected from its 
origin (at h, fig. 3, Pl. XLVI.) to expose the “ genio-hyoid” muscle, which arises from 
the inner and under part of the mandibular ramus, nearer the angle than the sym- 
physis, and sends backward its fibres to embrace the “ thyrohyal” element (%) of the 
tongue-skeleton to near the free hind extremity; the pair tend to protrude or draw 
forward the tongue. In fig. 3 are also shown the circular fibres of the pharynx and 
beginning of the cesophagus (f'), also the commencement of the trachea (q). 
The portion of the cutaneous system of muscles for which I retained the old term 
“platysma myoides” (Zool. Trans. tom. cit. p. 279, pl. 31. @), has its rather strong, but 
flattened, tendinous origin from the external ridge of the hinder surface of the mandible, 
shown in fig. 3,and the expansion of its thin sheet of carneous fibres (at ¢) inserted into 
the skin covering the throat. This pair of muscles must tend, acting together, to support 
and compress the upper larynx and pharynx. 
In both figures (3 & 4) are shown the inserted portions of the “longus colli posticus” 
(o**), of the “complexus” (y), of the ‘“ trachelo-mastoideus” (z), and of the “ rectus 
capitis lateralis” (d). Full descriptions and figures of these muscles are given in 
Memoir II., on the Apterya, tom. cit. pp. 283-286, pls. 32, 33, 34, & 35. 
