DR. J. MURIE ON THE ANATOMY OF THE WALRUS. 427 
moderately rugose. The transverse rug are low, irregularly sinuous, and do not 
traverse quite across; in other words, there is a very slight longitudinal and irregular 
mesial ridge, on either side of which wavy elevations meet at unsymmetrical, slightly 
obtuse or right angles. The three most anterior ridges are best marked, those 
posterior are less distinct, and they become very faint and indistinct behind. Seven 
more or less complete eminences ranged athwartwise can be defined; the intervening 
spaces, much broader than the ridges, are comparatively smooth. Posterior to the 
ridged superficies the smoother palatal membrane reaches to the tips of the hamular 
processes of the pterygoid bones, these latter being each an inch long; but this area 
has no solid basis of bone beneath. ‘The fleshy palate in other Pinnigrades agrees in 
the main with the above; the Bears present greater ridging, and Feline Carnivora 
still mure so. 
3. Tongue and Pharyne.—Regarding the fcetal specimen of Morse, Daubenton, 
p. 420, remarks, “ La langue étoit échancrée 4 l’extrémité comme celle du phoque.” 
This observation I cannot corroborate ; for I find the tip of the tongue comparatively 
smooth and rounded (fig. 29, Pl. LV.), not dorsally grooved, bifid, and terminating 
with free jagged papille, as is markedly the case in Phoca and Otaria. Throughout 
the dorsum there are innumerable diminutive rasp-like conical or filiform papille (7), 
and towards the root larger-sized flat fungiform (fy) elevations ; but relatively the entire 
tongne presents a smoother surface than the allied genera of Seals, and thus approxi- 
mates to the plantigrade Carnivora. 
A widely V-shaped range of circumvallate papillz (cv), altogether six in number, are 
situate posteriorly; and the surface in proximity with these is smooth. 
The postfaucial region, both below and at the sides, is beset with flat, large, and broad 
heart-shaped papillary structures, which are wanting in the vault, where a smoother 
surface indented with many crypts exists. 
The mucous membrane of the pharyngeal cavity has longitudinal, uneven or warty, 
narrow and parallel ruge. These folds, as they pass into the cesophagus, are more 
linear and less corrugated. 
No difference worthy of special mention, as compared with Otaria, obtains in the 
disposition and attachment of the muscles of the tongue and hyoidean region. As in 
that genus, the constrictors of the pharynx in Zrichechus have great thickness and 
volume; and the subdivisions of the fibres corresponds to those separately named 
human muscles of some of the older authors, Valsalva’ and Douglas’ for example. 
The fleshy bundles of fibrille, it may be observed, are remarkably coarse and strong. 
IV. Tue ViscerA AND GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
1. Relative Position of Viscera.—Daubenton (J. c. p. 419) mentions that in the foetus 
examined by him the great omentum was short, and hidden by the stomach. Such 
* «De Aure Humana,’ Bononie, 1704. 2 « Myographise Comparatz,’ London, 1707. 
VOL. VII.—PaRT vI. June, 1871. 30 
