508 DR. J. MURIE ON HYANA BRUNNEA. 
has a diameter above of 24 inches, and below of 14 inch; but the walls are very dilatable 
and strongly muscular. The mucous membrane has numerous longitudinal ruge. 
Meckel’ justly observes that the cesophagus in the Cat and Dog is relatively less than 
in the Hyena, and still narrower in Mustela, Lutra, Procyon, Nasua, and Ursus. 
The capacious stomach has neither the transverso-elongate form as in Felis, nor is so 
globular as in the Suricate (hyzena). There is little more than an approach to a 
fundus, the cardiac end being widely rounded; the lesser curvature is shallow but 
concave. Both at the cesophageal and pyloric extremities the cavity bulges slightly. 
About two inches below the lesser curvature, and a little to the right of the middle, I 
observed a central tendon, the muscular fibres appearing to radiate therefrom, as in the 
gizzard of a bird: whether this is a normal structure in the species I cannot say. The 
gastric parietes I found thick and flabby, not, as Daubenton says, thin and transparent. 
The internal mucous ruge are puckered in parallel ridges, which cross obliquely from 
the cardiac orifice towards the great curvature. The stomach’s measurements were 
9 inches from right to left, and 8 inches from less to greater curvature. 
The small intestines have a length of 26 feet 7 inches; and their diameter, which is 
nearly uniform throughout, is about 1 inch. The great intestines, including the 
cecum, are 39} inches long, their diameter varying from 1} to 2 inches. The propor- 
tionate extent of small to large gut and cecum is thus nearly as 8 to 1, or, if minus the 
cecal appendage, about 10 to 1; Meckel?, however, gives but 6 to 1 in the Hyena. 
The cecum of this H. brunnea closely corresponded in length with that of H. rayée= 
H. striata examined by Daubenton®*, being 84 inches; his was 9 inches, both of us 
therefore differing from Reimann*, who mentions it as being 3 inches shorter in the 
latter species. But, after all, such differences may depend on age more than on specific 
variety. Nay, even as regards shape this remark may apply to some extent; for the 
present specimen accorded with what Cuvier and Daubenton say of the striped animal, 
that it is simple, narrowing from base to its obtuse extremity, whereas Rudolphi and 
Reimann aver it is expanded distally. Meckel observed both forms in two animals of 
the same speecis. ‘There are few mucous membrane-folds, except at the rectum, where 
numerous longitudinal ones exist. 
The right lung has four lobes, the lower one largest, the upper one with two marginal 
clefts. The lobus impar is divided into two acute-shaped lobules. The left lung has 
three irregular-sized lobes. The trachea is an inch wide above and below, but narrower 
in the middle. 
I noted no peculiarity in the heart from the carnivore type; length 34 inches, and 
breadth at base but half an inch less. Two main vessels were given off from the aortic 
arch, viz. a single left subclavian, and a right branch which split into three—respectively 
the subclavian and carotid of that side, and the left carotid. 
* Anat. Comp. vol. viii. p. 688. ? Op. cit. vol. viii. p. 703. 
5 Buffon’s Nat. Hist. tom. ix. p. 289. * De Hyena, Berol. 1811, p. 17. 
