510 DR. J. MURIE ON HYZNA BRUNNEA. 
there is nearly a similar arrangement of the jaw-muscles, part of the fibres press the 
condyle into the socket, and thereby prevent such dislocation, otherwise inevitable, 
where prey is carried in the mouth. 
The digastric is short, very thick, and with only a rudimentary tendon. My dissec- 
tion bears out Meckel’s description and Laurillard’s drawing (pl. 137,44-++) of a double 
sterno-mastoid. Deeply and below, the neck is provided with large fleshy masses. Of 
these the rectus anticus minor, with usual attachments, is uncovered by the rectus 
anticus major. The latter, long and bulky, is narrow at the basiocciput, and, 
acquiring volume behind, is inserted along the roots of the transverse processes from 
the second to the seventh cervical vertebre. As Douglas’ says of the longus colli 
in a dog (‘it appears as it were divided into as many distinct muscles, by tendinous 
lines, as there are vertebre in the neck”), so is it in H. brunnea. Indeed this character 
obtains in most of the carnivora. The upper segments are oblique and short; but 
the lowermost is straighter and runs into the thorax to about the sixth or seventh 
dorsal body. The short deep muscles of the back of the neck are each very powerful 
and well defined. 
‘The scaleni are three in number, as in the Dog’, though Meckel* limits them to two 
(middle and posterior) in that animal and the Hyena. ‘The scalenus anticus in H. 
brunnea arises by a double tendon from the third and fourth cervical zygapophyses, and, 
broadening posteriorly, is digitally fixed upon the thorax into the fourth and fifth ribs. 
The scalenus medius is diminutive, lies behind the last, and is inserted muscularly into 
the second rib. The scalenus posticus, larger than the medius, and lying more towards 
the middle line, arises by tendons from the fifth and sixth cervicals, and passes to the 
first and second ribs. Laurillard’s plates appear to coincide with the above scalene 
divisions, though I confess the lettering is somewhat puzzling. 
The description given by Meckel of a partially united double trapezius agrees with 
the H. brunnea. is anterior portion is an immense cephalo-humeral which passes 
right over the shoulder, and, narrowing as it descends, is inserted along with and out- 
side the biceps tendon, well shown in the plates of the ‘ Receuil’ (¢ and). Excepting, 
it may be, the thick temporalis and large masseter, no muscle in this animal is so indi- 
cative of strength. It absolutely deforms the upper part of the neck, the muscular 
fasciculi there being in great coarse bundles. 
Another muscle, equally as strong as the transversalis cervicis, but narrower and 
thicker and rather longer, lies to the inside of it. The fibres of the former seem to 
be continued by additional attachments to the zygapophysis of the last four cervical 
vertebre, and go to form the muscle under consideration, which, from the origin 
spoken of, proceeds to be inserted into the transverse process of the atlas. 
This muscle: evidently answers to what has been described as the complexus tertius in 
1 « Myographie Comparati,’ Lond. 1707, p. 53. 
> Douglas, op. cit. p. 60. * L.¢. p. 158. 
