DR. J. MURIE ON HYZNA BRUNNEA. 511 
Hyrax. Its origin with and close attachment to the transversalis cervicis (their fibres 
being even blended) make it possible that it may be portion of that muscle. Certainly 
Meckel has described under transversalis cervicis a muscle analogous to this. Its perfect 
distinctness anteriorly in the Hywna brunnea, however, would make it probable that 
the term complexus tertius adopted in Hyrax is legitimate, more especially as the 
transyersalis cervicis, or continuation of longissimus dorsi, is so plain and distinct. It 
is equivalent to the trachelo-mastoid of some anatomists. 
The two muscles (complexus major) of the opposite sides of the neck lie in such close 
apposition as with great difficulty to be separated. They are each large and fleshy. 
Origin, the prominent spine of the first dorsal and one or two of the transverse processes 
of the succeeding dorsal vertebra, also all those of the neck. Insertion together with the 
posterior hollow of the atlas. The complexus minor and, it may be, biventer cervicis 
are long, very strong cordiform muscles with perfectly distinct origins, but a united 
powerful tendinous insertion into the occiput, beneath the occipital prominence. The 
innermost and longest arises by a narrow, but strong, tendon from the tips of the second 
anterior prominent spinous processes, and, proceeding forward (up the neck) outside 
the complexus major and beneath the splenius, is inserted as aforesaid. The outermost 
portion, rather the broadest, arises by muscular fibres and tendon from the transverse 
processes of the six posterior cervical vertebrae and one or two dorsal ones. It seems 
to have the greatest share of the tendon common to both. 
The relative size of the dorsal muscles (or erector spine) the one to the other is 
unusual. The serrati postici, usually small, are here large; the sacro-lumbalis and 
longissimus dorsi, on the contrary, are comparatively small, although in themselves of 
no mean bulk; but the spinalis dorsi obtains by far the largest dimensions, and is 
indeed a very powerful muscle of enormous magnitude. 
There is no continuation into the neck of the so-called cervicalis ascendens. ‘The 
nuchal continuation of the longissimus dorsi, known as transversalis cervicis, is of 
greater breadth and more muscular than its derivative. It has an additional tendinous 
origin from the fourth and fifth dorsal spines. 
The serratus magnus is an enormously strong sheet of muscle, the neck-portion being 
very thick indeed. Superior and inferior serrati postici are combined; their fleshy 
fibres forwards brace the longitudinal dorsal series. The latissimus dorsi agrees per- 
fectly with Meckel’s description (/oc. cit. p. 265). It is peculiar in having no costal 
attachments; the fibres run beyond the last rib to within 13 inch of the crest of the 
ilium. There are two supracostal muscles. The innermost passes from the first to the 
third, fourth, and partially to the fifth ribs. The outer smaller muscle extends from 
the first and second to the third rib and interspaces beyond. The supracostal I believe 
first to have been described by Douglas as musculus in summo thorace situs. 
In the Brown Hyena, as in other Carnivora, the rectus abdominis reaches the first 
trib, The six aponeurotic insertions, spoken of by Meckel, are not so clearly shown in 
