DR. J. MURIE ON THE ANATOMY OF THE SEA-LION. 579 
(3, 4, 5) arise from the proximal ends of their respective metatarsals, and are inserted 
into the distal ends and sesamoid cartilages. Although each is double, the muscular 
fibres run well together. 
These altogether act as short flexors and also as abductors of the metatarsals, because 
each muscle in part has origin from the metatarsal outside of it. 
Two anomalous small deep plantar muscles exist; these may, indeed, represent the 
adductor and flexor brevis hallucis muscles of the great toe, which otherwise are absent. 
The first and more superficial of the two (Ad.h, fig. 39) has origin from the plantar 
surface and fibular side of the scaphoid and from the strong fascia covering that bone. 
Its tendon of origin, which is flat and broad, extends to near the middle of the internal 
cuneiform, where it becomes fleshy, but quickly becomes tendinous again, and is 
inserted into the outer border of the proximal end of the first metatarsal bone. 
The second of the muscles in question (J.).4) is shorter, lies deeper and to the 
fibular side of the first mentioned. It is chiefly composed of fleshy fibres, which arise 
from the scaphoid bone and from the ligamentous union between the external cunei- 
form and the scaphoid bones. The flat muscular belly derived therefrom lies upon and 
is inserted into the hollow on the peroneal border of the internal cuneiform. 
The two muscles just spoken of are not visible until the deep plantar fascia and the 
superficial crescentic lumbrical muscular expansion have been removed. In their action 
both are flexors :—the second, deeper one, of the internal cuneiform upon the scaphoid ; 
and the first or superficial one a flexor and adductor of the first metatarsal bone. 
The flewor brevis minimi digiti—As stated below, this muscle lies partly between 
the distal separate portions of the abductor minimi digiti, and is superficial to the 
inner one of these. Its condition is different from that of the abductor, inasmuch as it 
arises by a double tendon and is inserted by a single one. The inner origin (fig. 38, 
F.b.m.d') is a strongish tendon derived from the deep plantar fascia and sheath of the 
peroneus longus; the outer origin (same fig. and letters, line marked 2) is by a long 
narrow tendon, which comes from the middle of the fleshy substance of the abductor 
muscle; but the tendinous fibre can be traced backwards almost to the oscalcis. ‘These 
outer and inner tendons embrace the inner portion of the abductor minimi digiti, and, 
joining upon its surface, give rise to a moderate-sized long fusiform belly, which is 
inserted by a short, strong tendon, in conjunction with the second portion of the 
abductor minimi digiti, into the metacarpo-phalangeal fascia at the distal end of the 
fifth metacarpal; this fascia contains two small sesamoid cartilages, and is continued 
to the proximal end of the first phalanx of the fifth digit. 
Abductor minimi digiti—This is by far the largest muscle in the sole of the foot, 
and functionally is equally important, especially when regarded in connexion with the 
remarkable and very ungainly movements of the pes. 
The muscle in question (4d.m.d) arises fleshy and also superficially by aponeurosis 
from the plantar surface of the os calcis, its origin almost seeming a continuation of 
