576 THE JACK SNIPE. 



The nest of this Snipe is a mere depression in the grass, or moss of a meadow. 



Wilson says of this bird, which was named in his honor: "It arrives in Pennsylvania 

 about the 10th of March, and remains in tlie low grounds for several weeks ; the greater part 

 then move off to the north, and to the higher inland districts, to bi'eed in our low marshes 

 during the summer. Great numbers of tliese birds winter in the rice grounds of the Southern 

 States, where, in the month of February, they appear to be much tamer than they are here in 

 the north. On the 20th March I found them extremely numerous about the boiders of ponds 

 of Louisville, Kentucky. They have the same soaring, irregular flight in the air in gloomy 

 weather as the English Snipe ; the same bleating note and occasional rapid descent ; spring 

 from the marshes with the same feeble squeak ; and in every respect resemble the latter bird, 

 except in being about an inch less, and in having sixteen feathers in its tail instead of 

 fourteen. 



This Snipe is eleven inches long, and seventeen in extent of wing. The sexes are much 

 alike, save that the colors of the female are somewhat more obscure and less defined than in 

 the male. 



The Red-breasted Snipe {MarrorhannpTius griseus), called also Brown-back, Gray 

 Snipe, and Dowitcher, inhabits the whole of North America, Greenland, and Mexico, West 

 Indies, Central America, and much of South America. It is occasionally seen in Europe. 

 Distinguished from the former, it has longer legs, and a web between outer and middle toes, 

 twelve instead of sixteen tail-feathers, and some other less important characters. 



In migrating, this Snipe moves in vast numbers northward in A^jril, whei'e they breed, 

 returning in August. 



I)r. Coues met with the Gray-backs in considerable numbers in Dakota. He found it 

 unsuspicious and gentle, sociable in company with other waders and with various sea-fowl that 

 congregate on the borders of the great lakes and rivers of the West, where they congregate, 

 ]"irobing here and there the mud-flats for food, sticldng their bills perpendicularly into tlie soil 

 tlie full length with a quick, dextei-ous movement, and sometimes even submerging the whole 

 head for a moment. All the while they chat with each other in a low, pleasing tone. When 

 flred at, notwithstanding some of their companions may lie dead, or in the agonies of death, 

 the flock returns to the same spot. They are singular for their flying so compactly in groups, 

 and for massing closely on alighting. Being partly web-footed, they are good svidmmers for 

 short distances. When feeding undisturbed they are extremely pleasing in appearance, and 

 their movements are very graceful. Wilson describes their movements as follows : "They fly 

 very rapidly, sometimes coursing, wheeling, and doubling along the surface of the marshes ; 

 then shooting high in air, then separating and fonning in various bodies, uttering a kind of 

 quivering whistle.'' 



This Snipe is ten inches and a half long, and eighteen inches in extent of wing. The 

 female is paler on the back than its mate. The breeding occurs not far north of the United 

 States. Of all our seaside Snipes it is tlie most numerous, and is highly prized as a delicacy. 



Another form of this species, regarded as a variety, is called the Greater Gray-back 

 and Red-bellied Snipe {M. griseus scolopaceus). 



The little Jack Snipe is seldom seen in northern countries except in the winter, and is 

 remarkable for its tenacity in clinging to the ground even on the near api)roach of an enemy. 

 Terror seems to have some part in this propensity, for Mr. Yarrell remarks that a Jack Snipe 

 has allowed itself to be picked up hy hand before the nose of a pointer. It has also a strong 

 attachment to localities, adhering closely to one spot, and always i-eturning to the same place 

 after a whDe. It is not an easy bird to shoot unless taken at the rise, when there is danger 

 that so diminutive a l)ird may be blown to pieces by the first discharge, for it dodges about 

 and skims just over the heather, in a vastly perplexing manner. There is a story told of a 

 gentleman not remarkable for his skill in shooting, who was found lamenting over the corpse 

 of a Ja(!k Snipe which he had succeeded in killing, and whose death had deprived him of the 

 amusement which he liad enjoyed for many weeks, as the bird could always be found in 



