209 



Zembla, and Dusén reports it in var. Nafhorsti from East Green- 

 land; he writes (p. 37): "Die voUlionimen entwickelten Staub- 

 blätter ragen etwas über die Frucktknoten ; diese reifen später als 

 jene." But immediately afterwards he reports prologyny. 



Staminate flowers occur. Lindmark describes and figures 

 such a flower, in which the pistil is very small, while the stamens 

 are of the usual length. It did not set fruit. 



Pistillate flowers, more ur less closed, were found by 

 Ekstam in Spitzbergen, late in summer. The stamens were 

 almost rudimentary or were sterile. According to Schröter 

 (p. 541) similar flowers were also found in the Alps by Schulz. 

 The flower figured in my Fig. 26 Ä is perhaps a pistillate one. 



Insect-visitors. Ekstam saw flies, and in Nova Zembla 

 also many humble-bees, visit the flowers.^ Lindman never saw 

 insects visit the flowers, neither did i observe any in Greenland. 



Self-pollination by contact of anther and stigma, is 

 no doubt common everywhere in Arctic countries ; it is also 

 recorded from the Alps by H. Müller (p. 98). Stigmas and 

 anthers are often found clustered close together in the middle 

 of the flower, and frequently in intimate contact with each 

 other (Fig. 25 B). 



Fruit ripens in many places, in West and East Green- 

 land, Iceland, the Færoes, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla and Scan- 

 dinavia. I found fruit set very early in Greenland, as early as 

 June 28th, when the whole landscape around Godthaab was 

 still very winterly, with snow even down to the sea; the fruit 

 was in evident development. 



According to Ekstam, 4- and 5-merous pistils occur. 



^ "The occurrence of Saxifraga oppositifolia was an invariable evidence 

 of humble-bees being present, and they were also seen in great quan- 

 tities whirling over the plant-clusters as soon as the temperature was 

 above -}- ^° C., and the wind not too sharp." 



XXXVI. 14 



