215 



Greenland in very winterly snrroundings, and as early as on 

 July 10th Kornerup gathered it with ripe fruit in West Greenland. 

 Ripe fruit is to hand from almost all our colonies in West 

 Greenland. Bay, Krccse and Hartz found ripe fruit in East 

 Greenland, in the literature dealing with the subject, as well 

 as in herbarium and spirit-material from many Arctic countries 

 we find the same constancy in the fruit-setting (Iceland: Jonsson, 

 Feddersen and Stefansson ; Norway. Lindman; Sweden: Lindmark; 



Fig. 30. Saxifraga rivularis. 

 A, In a flower with erect petals (and consequently rather closed, see Fig. B) the anthers of 

 the antisepalouä stamens and the stigmas are fully functional; the former are placed just 

 above the latter (from Spitzbergen; July 6, 18S2; A. G. Nathorst). B, An older flower, 

 with expanded petals and spreading styles; here also the stigmas are in contact with the 

 open anthers, which are filled with pollen (from West Greenland, Godhavn; July 20, 1884). 

 C, Shows the obliquity which sometimes occurs in the flower. D, Yoimg fruit (nat. size) 

 from .Spitzbergen. £, A flower (from Spitzbergen) with rudimentary stamens; the one 

 marked x held a litüe poUen. (E. W., 1886.) 



Lapland: Brotherüs; Spitzbergen: Andersson and Hesselman; 

 Siberia (the north coasti : Kjellman; the Færoes and Jan Mayen: 

 all who have collected material). 



Insect-visitors. In Spitzbergen Ekstam observed flies visit 

 the flowers. 



I found the flowers from Spitzbergen to be soiÄewhat 

 smaller than those from Greenland, but otherwise they agreed 

 entirely with the latter. 



Pistillate flowers. On a specimen, gathered by Nathorst 

 in Spitzbergen, with ordinary hermaphrodite flowers, a flower 



