220 



form; and in central Scandinavia, and in the Alps, lliat is the 

 only one which occurs, or at least, the most common. 



The flowers are 6 — 9 mm. in diameter. Scent appears 

 to be absent, but honey is secreted by the base of the entirely 

 superior ovary, which I found to be greenish in Greenland, 

 while according to II. Müllkr it is "purple-coloured" in the Alps. 

 Tlie honey is quite unprotected. 



The petals are ovate-lanceolate with short claws, pointed 

 at the apex, white or slightly yellowish-white in colour, with 

 two decidedly greenish-yellow, or ultimately pure yellow, spots 

 at the base. At flrst the petals are rather erect (Fig. 31 I^, F), 

 then they expand in a more stellate manner, while the sepals 

 are turned right back (Fig. 31 C). I, also, observed the want 

 of symmetry in colouration mentioned by H. Mcller and Lind- 

 MAN, but did not find it so strongly marked. The anthers are 

 usually of a red colour, which may be called decidedly yellowish- 

 red, or by others purple-red, carmine-red, or minium-red. 



Pro tand ry. 1 found the (lowers to be distinctly protan- 

 drous (in Norway), and this has also been recorded by others 

 (LiNDMAN, Ekstam (Nova Zembla), Lindmark, H. Müller, Günthart). 

 GüNTHART states that the anthers usually begin to open even in 

 the bud; according to him, protandrous flowers become after- 

 wards homogamous, so that self-pollination becomes possible, 

 and often takes place at the end of the flowering period. The 

 stigmas are remarkably inconspicuous ; they are neither of the very 

 common form, with large papillae ; nor are they smooth and glisten- 

 ing, as in S. nivalis, and S. hieraciifolia. At first, the apices 

 of the carpels are gently rounded and quite smooth (Fig. 31 

 C, E] ; when the stigmas are fully developed, a small, rough, 

 somewhat glistening flat surface covered with small papillae 

 (Fig. 31 G) may be seen at each apex. The carpels are some- 

 times quite open, if viewed from the ventral side. 



Homogamy. The flowers were found to be almost homo- 



