183 



Scent. The corolla has a faint perfume (Ekstami. 



Honey is secreted at the base of the pistil. On account 

 of the erect position of the flower, raindrops may be seen 

 standing between the stigmas. 



Protandry is the rule in specimens from Greenland, 

 Norway and Spitzbergen, as also in cultivated specimens in 

 the Botanic Garden of the University of Copenhagen. In the 

 recently expanded flower the stamens stand closely against the 

 still almost erect petals ; then the antisepalous stamens bend 

 inwards over the middle of the flower, where the styles are 

 still short and bent toAvards one another (Fig. 9 5, F). Then 

 the antipetalous stamens ripen. Almost simultaneously with 

 the ripening of these, the styles bend outwards and the stigmas 

 develop. Self-pollination is then possible, as the relative 

 length of the stamens and styles is such that the stigmas may 

 come into contact with the anthers. But nevertheless self- 

 pollination must be difficult, and I never observed the pistils 

 actually come into direct contact with the anthers. 



Fruit does not appear to be developed; the flowers die 

 without setting fruit. This must undoubtedly be in causal rela- 

 tionship to the abundant vegetative propagation. The same obser- 

 vations have been made by others, e. g. by Lindmark, but I 

 am not quite sure whether we are therefore justified in regard- 

 ing these flowers as staminate; this needs to be experimentally 

 verified, and the pollen and the ovules more closely investigated. 



Protogyny possibly occurs in Greenland. The stigmas 

 in the flower shown in Fig. 9 C are well developed and pollen 

 occurs upon them; some of the anthers are open, but are full 

 of pollen, which, however, it was difficult to remove from them. 

 Perhaps we have here a transitional form to pistillate flowers. 

 According to Ekstam (p. 183) the flower is usually protogynous- 

 homogamous. 



Pistillate flowers occur in West Greenland, and G. 

 Andersson and H. Hesselman also found pistillate flowers in 



