400 



take i)lace. Hy l)eiiding inwards the anthers touch the stigmas 

 and are often thrust entirely in between them, and the apices 

 of the stigmas are often bent down outside tlie antliers. Ekstam 

 found prolerogyny-homogamy both in Nova Zembia and in Spitz- 

 bergen; he writes in 1897 that self-pollination is apparently 

 impossible as the carpels are always higher than the stamens; 

 but he finds (1899) that in Spitzbergen self-pollination easily takes 

 place by the stigmas becoming bent spirally backwards at the 

 time that the stamens open and bend inwards. In Greenland 



Fig. 42. R. lapponicus. 



A, Base of nectary-leaf with nectary (Greenland; ^/i). B, Almost ripe carpel (Sarfanguak; 



^/i). C, Flower seen from above (.Sarfanguak ; 12. 7. 1884; Va)- D, Longitudinal section 



through flower (ibid.; Va); the anthers stand close to the stigmas. E, F, Stamens ('"/i) 



seen from the outer side. (C, D, E and F were drawn by E. W.). 



the diameter of the flower is 10 — 12 mm. (Warming); in Spitz- 

 bergen 8 — 10, sometimes 13 mm.; in Nova Zembia 5 — 8 mm., 

 and in Arctic Siberia usually 12 mm. (Ekstam, 1897 and 1899). 

 Ekstam found that the flowers had a strong perfume in Spitz- 

 bergen, but were scentless in Nova Zembia. Hartz (1. c.) records 

 fragrant flowers from Egedesminde. No insect-visitors have 

 been noticed. The plant flowers July-August; ripe fruit has 

 not been found in Spitzbergen, but it is probably formed 

 (Ekstam, 1899; Andersson & Hesselman 1. c). Ekstam did not 

 find ripe fruit in Nova Zembia (1897). 



