433 



dies early in all the species, and there is a well-marked prin- 

 cipal bud in the uppermost leaf-axil of the rosette: Ban. sul- 

 phureus, acer and affiinis which have only foliage-leaves, and 

 Bcot. glacialis, nivalis and yygmæus which have also scale-leaves. 



To this group also R. reptans may be referred but the 

 main axis is creeping. These species are hemicryptopiytes^. 



B. R. hyperOoreus, lapponicus and Pallasii belong to the 

 same type: The adult plant has no rosette, the straight stem 

 creeps above the ground or in the moss, and in R. lapp. and 

 PaUasii the branches often grow obliquely downward. R. hj/per- 

 boreus and Pallasii are without a well-marked principal bud. 

 In R. lapp. a principal bud occurs. — Hemicryptopliytes^ or 

 perhaps R. lapp. and Pallasii may also be cryptophytes. 



Batrachium confervoides is no doubt nearest to this group; 

 but is a hydrophyte. 



C Anemone Richardsoni, Coptis trifolia and Thalictrum 

 alpinum may be referred to the same type: There is a creeping 

 subterranean rhizome and a principal bud which occurs in the 

 axil of the uppermost leaf in Anemone Bichardsoni and Coptis 

 trifolia and in the axil below the uppermost in the specimens 

 of Thalictrum alpinum examined by me. There is no aerial 

 stem. The rhizome of Anemone Bichardsoni is monomorphic 

 and bears foliage-leaves especially. Coptis trifolia and Tha- 

 lictrum alpinum have a dimorphic rhizome, the horizontal part 

 of which bears scale-leaves, while the vertical part with short 

 internodes bears foliage-leaves and scale-leaves in regular alter- 

 nation. In Coptis trifolia the leaves pass the winter in a 

 green condition. — Hemicryptophytes. Anemone Bichardsoni 

 may perhaps also be a cryptophyte. 



II. Flo we r- biology. The flowers in probably all the 

 species are well- developed by the latter part of the summer 



' Raunkiær: Planterigets Livsformer og deres Betydning for Geografien. 

 København, 1907. 



