448 



KANDER, p. 853. Fennek. Kncth, p. 305. Sylvkn, 1U05, p. 134: 

 1906, p. 75. SiLKN. p. !>4. Vklionovsky. pp. 338 op 'M^. Osten- 

 feld, p. 100. 



\lalerials in alcoliol from West-Greenland. Iceland. Norway. 



Finguicula vulgaris is nearly always confined to moist 

 localities , though not to so great an extent as P. villosa. 

 The localities are marshes with grass-covered surfaces and 

 moist rocky walls; it is rarely found in S|)hagnum. The plant 

 grows most frequently on turfy soil, more or less mingled 

 with sand, and on rocks with a thicker or thinner covering of 

 earth, but it may also grow on loose detritus, and it lias even 

 been found in gravelly tracts (for instance together with Azalea 

 and Betula nana)', moreover it has been seen in places some- 

 times overflowed by the sea (Norman). According to the same 

 author it is tound up to 900 m. above sea-level. 



It is a typical rosette-plant, perennial, and lives through 

 the winter by means of a special hlbernacle, consisting of small, 

 solid scale-leaves, containing starch. The development from 

 seed is as follows: The germinating plant (Fig. \, A) begins 

 with a distinct primary root, which decays however very early, 

 and adventitious roots develop from the stem : there is but one 

 cotyledon, furnished with stomata and more or less developed 

 glands, probably unable to function as yet (Fig. 1, J5 & D). As 

 regards morphological explanation of this cotyledon, a very eager 

 discussion has been carried on from time to time, but so far. 

 harmony on this point has not been attained. Concerning the 

 different views expressed on this difOcult question I refer the 

 reader to: Gaertner, 1791; Brown, 1810: Trevirancs, 1838, 1839, 

 1848; St. Hilaire, 1838. 1841; Walpers. 1848: Klotsch. 18i8; 

 Webb, 1853; Buchenac, 1865; Caspart, 1867; Dickson. 1869: 

 GoEBEL, 1891—93; Merz, 1897; Stlvén, 1905: Velenovski. 1907. 



The young plant has long internodes until it reaches the 

 light, which probably causes the formation of the rosette. When 

 this stage is arrived at. the plant has a short rhizome, gradually 



