452 



lion in llie shoot-structure of P. vulgaris can thus be supposed, 

 and what we find in this species as an adaptation to arctic 

 conditions we likewise su|)pose will be lound as a normal arran- 

 gement in the purely arctic species. P. villosa. My results will 

 prove, that this supposition agrees with realily. 



Already from a superficial investigation it must be remark- 

 able, especially with Bcchenal's results in mente, that the fruit- 

 stalk with the wide-open capsule is always found in a stifi". 

 erect position in the arctic specimens of P. vulgaris, collected 

 in August (Fig. 5), sometimes also the fruit-stalk from the pre- 

 ceding year will be found. As already mentioned by Warming 

 this is also the case with P. villosa (Fig. 14 A). From this it 

 will first be seen, that the dispersal of the seeds is very com- 

 plete in the arctic specimens of P. vulgaris. It is a well 

 known fact, that the fruit-stalk of arctic plants is as a rule 

 more inclined to remain in ils place than that of plants of 

 southern regions, and usually this circumstance is explained 

 by the fact that the process of decay is exceedingly slow 

 in the former regions. But this explanation does not settle 

 the matter in regard to Pinguicula. Quite naturally the autumu- 

 rosette requires space while developing, and the fruit-stalk 

 must give way, at least it will be forced considerably away 

 from its erect position. That this is never seen to occur in 

 the arctic specimens of P. vulgaris must mainly be explained 

 by the peculiarity that these never develop their autumn-rosette. 

 In the material 1 have had for investigation I have succeeded 

 in distinguishing two types of this species, a temperate one. 

 agreeing wholly in its shoot-structure with Bcchenad's de- 

 scription, and an arctic one. not previously recorded. 



The latter develops as follows: In the spring the winter-bud 

 produces a spring-rosette, the axis of which terminates in a 

 flower; in the axil of the uppermost foliage-leaf is seen a 

 rejuvenating bud, which does not develop into an autumn-rosette, 

 but directly passes into its winter-rest as hibernacle (Fig. 2, A). 



