464 



Di ai: ram of the s hoot- s I ru c I ure i ri the i: eu ns Pinguicula. 

 Flower Flower Flower Flower 



Winter-rosette 



Winter-bud 

 Autumn-rosette 



/ 



Winter-bud 



Summer-rosette 



Spring-rosetle 



Spring-rosette 



I. Subtropical type. II. Temperate type. III. Arctic type. 



P. caudata. F. alphia and F. vulgaris. P. vulgaris and F. villosa. 



As already mentioned there exists a pecuhar tension in 

 the leaves, causing these to be always bent backward in exhumed 

 specimens. The advantage of this is, that the middle of the 

 rosette, and with this the young leaves, will always be forced 

 up over the surroundings. The substratum in which this species, 

 P. vulgaris.^ grows, being almost exclusively solid (not growing 

 as is the case with the Sphagnum)^ and the tension always 

 very strong, the leaves will easily be able to perform their 

 work to perfection. This is not the case with F. villosa, as the 

 following with show. 



As is well known, the leaves are adapted to catch insects. 

 The edges are incurved; according to Klein's experiments this 

 circumstance prevents the escape of small insects. These are 

 forced up under the incurved edge and are digested there. In 

 a separate chapter a synopsis of insects, caught by the arctic 

 specimens will be given collectively with respect to all three 

 species. 



Vegetable propagation usually occurs in temperate regions, 

 the uppermost leaves in the autumn-rosette supporting small, 

 often stalked bulbs, which, during the next year, develop into 

 independent plants. As regards their main characters these 



