THE MUREX. 313 
Another shell belonging to the same family is the THREE-HORNED STROMB. 
The Strombs form a large genus, containing about sixty species, and are found in almost 
every warm sea. They do not appear to be deep-water lovers, being mostly found on the 
reefs at low water, and seldom extending their range beyond ten fathoms. The operculum of 
the Strombs is rather curious in its structure, the nucleus being set at one extremity, and the 
operculum being made up of a succession of horny plates or scales overlapping each other like 
the tiles of a house, or the successive steel layers of a carriage-spring. 
Some species of Strombs attain a considerable size, and are much used in the arts, as, for 
example, the Grant Strom, or Fountartn SuHevy (Strombus gigas), one of the West Indian 
species, which sometimes attains the weight of four or five pounds, and is exported to America 
and Europe by thousands for the use of engravers, who cut the well-known cameos from 
its beautifully tinted substance. Three hundred thousand of these shells were brought to 
Liverpool alone in a single year. As the animal increases in age, it gradually fills up the 
hollow apex and spines with solid matter, and thus materially adds to the weight of the shell 
without improving its value to the engraver. In some parts of the world, such as Barbadoes, 
the Giant Stromb is eaten, and sold regularly for that purpose. Pearls of a delicate pink 
color have sometimes been found in this shell, but their occurrence is not frequent, probably 
on account of the careless and unobservant habits of the negroes who clean the shells. Pearls 
are also found in other species belonging to this genus. 
The teeth of the Strombs are extremely beautiful and most complicated. 
The color of the Three-horned Stromb is brown and yellow of different shades, richly 
mottled with pale saffron. Its average length is about four inches. 
The two species, the Common SprpER-SHELL, and the ORANGE-MOUTHED SPIDER-SHELL, 
derive their popular names from the generally spider-like contour of their form. 
When adult, the outer lip is furnished with several horny appendages, always curved 
and not precisely of the same shape in the same species, although the general character 
of their form is sufficiently well marked to distinguish the species. One of these horns 
is always close to the spine, and is rolled in such a manner as to form a posterior canal. 
About ten species of these animals are known, and seem to be confined to the Chinese and 
Indian seas. 
The color of the Common Spider-shell is very bright, consisting of boldly mottled chestnut, 
like the hue of old rosewood, variegated with white, and traversed by lines of orange. The 
interior of the shell is pale brown, with a dash of yellow. The average length is three 
or four inches. 
The shell of the Orange-mouthed Spider-shell is remarkable for its curious projecting 
horns, with their sharp points and bold curves. It is worthy of notice that in all the Spider- 
shells these projections are not developed until the creature has attained adult age, the young 
Spider-shell resembling that of the stromb. From the peculiar shape of some of the species, 
these creatures are sometimes called SCORPION-SHELLS. 
The color of the Orange-mouthed Spider-shell is creamy-white on the exterior, and rich 
orange within. The curved spines are white and shining, and bear no small resemblance 
to the poison-teeth of serpents. 
THe shells that are included in the family of the Muricidee may readily be distinguished 
by the straight beak or canal in front, and the absence of any such canal behind. The eyes of 
these animals are not placed on long footstalks, as in the preceding family, but are set directly 
on the tentacles, without any supporting stalk or projection. All the animals belonging to this 
family are not only carnivorous, but rapacious, preying on other mollusks, and destroying them 
with the terrible armature called the tooth-ribbon, and which, when examined with a micro- 
scope, proves to be a set of adamantine teeth, sharp-edged and pointed as those of the shark, 
and cutting their way through the hard shells of their victims as the well-known cordon saw 
passes through thick blocks of hard wood. 
About one hundred and eighty species are known to belong to the typical genus, and there 
is hardly a portion of the world where a Murex of some kind may not be found. 
Vou. I1.—40. 
