THE HECTOR. 407 
about their heads. This style of head-dress is much admired, and, indeed, is equally poetical 
and artistic. Many of these insects differ greatly, according to sex, the upper wings of the 
male Priam, for example, being velvety-black, striped with silky-green, and the hinder wings 
entirely silky-green, spotted with black and orange ; while the female is dark brown, spotted 
with white. 
In the genus Papilio we find the insects to be of nearly as magnificent proportions as in 
the former genus, though none of them reach the enormous size of the Priam, which will 
sometimes measure nearly eight inches across the spread wings. The colors are, however, 
more varied, and quite as brilliant, while a curious feature is often added by the prolongation 
of the hinder wings into two long tail-like appendages. The larva is of varied form, some- 
times smooth, sometimes covered with fleshy protuberances, sometimes long, and able to 
throw out or to withdraw at pleasure the two first segments of the body, sometimes short, 
thick, and grub-like, and in one or two instances marvellously resembling snails in the general 
form. The genus is a very comprehensive one, including between two and three hundred 
known species, among which may be found almost every imaginable tint in every gradation, 
and exhibiting bold contrasts of color which scarcely any human artist would dare to place 
together, and which yet produce 
a result equally striking and 
harmonious. 
Our first example is the 
SARPEDON, one of the most 
common of the genus, being 
found plentifully throughout 
many parts of Asia, Australia, 
and the Sandwich Islands. Its 
flight is rather swift, and easily 
recognizable, and, in common 
with many allied species, it has 
regular beats, traversing the same 
ground time after time with 
almost mechanical regularity. 
Entomologists take advantage of 
this habit, and if they see one of 
these butterflies pass over a 
certain spot, they just go and sit 
down where they saw the insect, 
and catch it as it comes round on 
its next circuit. 
Tne Hecror forms a fine 
contrast to the preceding insect, 
its colors being almost wholly 
black and flaming crimson. On 
its upper surface, the front pair 
of wings are sooty-black, with 2 : 
broad dash of gray-brown over SARPEDON.—Papilio sarpédon. HECTOR.—Papitio hector. 
the centre, and a little pencilling 
of the same color near the tips; and the lower wings are deep velvety-black, diversified with 
spots of intense crimson. The wings have a very narrow edging of white. The chest and part 
of the abdomen are black, and the head and rest of the abdomen of the same rich crimson as 
the spots on the wings. The under surface is colored much in the same way, except that the 
crimson spots are larger. 
On the large engraving at page 405, and in the right-hand lower corner, may be seen a 

