408 THE COMMON WHITE BUTTERFLY. 
butterfly, with two very long straight tails to its under wings. This insect belongs to the 
genus Papilio, and is known by the name of Protesilaus. The colors of this species are 
comparatively dull, but when examined, their soft contrasts are so pleasing to the eye, that 
any change would only be for the worse. Above, the upper wings are partly transparent, a 
large patch of white scales being set near their base. The under wings are mostly white, with 
the exception of a little dash of scarlet on their inner edge, a few half moons of dull yellow 
near their tips, and streaks of blackish-brown on their edges and along the centre of the tails. 
On the under side is a little more variety, the shining transparent membrane of the upper 
wings being crossed with dark bars, and the central stripe of the lower wings being edged with 
scarlet. It is a native of Demerara. 
Our last example of this genus is the THoas, a very striking insect, whose colors are 
almost wholly black and yellow. This insect is to be seen in the same illustration as the last, 
and its colors can be well imagined from the fact that, excepting a very small spot of orange- 
red on the inner edge of the lower wings, all the dark parts are black, and all the light are rich 
yellow. Below, it is almost wholly yellow, but of an ochreous and duller cast. In Northern 
Europe there exists but one acknowledged example of the genus Papilio. This is the beauti- 
ful SWALLOW-TAILED BuTrTrErRFLY (Papiiio machaon), 
a rare and brilliant creature. The flight of this insect 
is rather high, swift, and straight. 
Two examples yet remain of the Papilionide. The 
first is the very remarkable insect which is known by the 
name of Leprocrreus, and which, until comparatively 
late years, was as rare as it is singular. This insect is 
not of great size, the expanded wings seldom exceeding 
an inch and a half, and being usually rather less in their 
measurement. The general color of this butterfly is 
brown, with the exception of a moderately broad green- 
ish band along the centre of the wings. In the female 
the band is nearly colorless, and the light patch on the 
upper wings is transparent. The under parts are nearly 
of the same colors, except that the outer edges of the 
tails are fringed with a narrow line of glittering white, 
like burnished silver. The insect is a native of Siam 
and Java. 
Lastly, we come to the prettily-marked Thais, one 
of a genus of Papilionidee, which can always be known 
by the peculiar markings of their wings. The colors are, 
in all the species, yellow, black, and red, and the wings 
are edged with a series of bold festooned marks. The 
inner edges of the hinder wings are deeply scooped, as 
if to permit free motion of the abdomen. 

; Wer now come to another family, called the Pieride, 
he cat CATERPILLAR aN eg WITH which may be known at once by the manner in which 
the inner edges of the hinder wings are folded, so as 
to form a kind of gutter in which the abdomen rests. In all these insects, the colors are 
comparatively sober, the upper surface being generally white and black, and the under surface 
sparingly colored with red and yellow. Our accompanying illlustration represents the Com- 
MON Wuitr Butrerriy. It is a true representative of the family Pieridee, as well as the 
Brimstone Butterfly, the harbinger of spring ; all the Marbled Butterflies, the Orange-tip, and 
the now scarce Veined-white, which last-mentioned insect belongs to the typical genus. The 
Eprcuaris is almost wholly white and black above, a slight tinge of rose-color appearing on 
the lower edge of the hinder wings, and being due to the rich orange-red spots on the under 
