422 THE LOBSTER-MOTH. 
Among the many silk-worm moths may be mentioned the DasEr-worm of Bengal 
(Bombyx fortundtus), an insect that makes an inferior silk, with which the bales are often 
adulterated unless the owner or purchaser is very careful in examining them. The silk is 
yellow, and there are several crops annually. A much more valuable insect is also cultivated 
in Bengal, by the name of Boro PoLoo (Bombex textor). The caterpillar is small, and the 
cocoon of proportionate dimensions. The silk is very good, and of a pure white. One of the 
commonest insects reared by the same nation is the TusserR or TussEn of the Bengalese 
(Anthérea paphia), called by different names by the various tribes which cultivate it. It is 
very abundant, and as it is hardy and feeds on many kinds of food, is a truly valuable insect. 
It supplies the natives with great part of their clothing, and is even imported into Europe. 
There are several large manufactories of this silk, the most important of which is at Bhagulpore. 
The habits of this insect seem to vary much according to the locality. 
The AILANTHUS SrLK-worm has lately attracted great attention, and appears likely to 
supersede the ordinary silk-worm in many respects. It is a native of China, and has been 
largely used for the purpose of supplying clothes for the people. As the name implies, the 
caterpillar feeds upon the Ailanthus tree (Ad/anthus glandulosus), which, although imported 
from China into the moderate climates of Europe and America, grows well and fast in these 
countries, and has been firmly acclimatized. Rearing the Ailanthus-moth is one of the easiest 
of processes, the caterpillars remaining quietly on the trees and spinning their cocoons amid 
the branches. The eggs are hatched in a similar manner to those of the common silk-worm, 
and after being fed through their first moult with picked leaves, are transferred to the trees, 
and there left. It is of course necessary to cover the trees with netting in order to prevent 
the birds from feeding on such delicate morsels. 
The color of the caterpillar is green, marked with black, except the head and the last 
segment, which are yellow. The general color of this moth is grayish-yellow above, with 
splashes and markings of dull violet, black, and white. The transparent crescent is worthy of 
notice. The silk is strong, and takes dye easily, but does not possess the peculiar gloss which 
has long been proverbial. It is a truly fortunate circumstance that this insect has been so 
opportunely brought into notice, as it is wonderfully hardy, not subject to many diseases to 
which the common and delicately constituted silk-worm is liable, and being apparently free 
from that strange fungoid parasite which occasionally commits such fearful ravages, and has 
been known to depopulate a whole district in a single night. ; 
An allied species, the Erra StnK-worm (Alfacus ricini), has long been in use in many 
parts of Asia, where it is cultivated by the peasants, and affords them raiment of a marvel- 
lously enduring character, and yet sightly. Although the cloth that is woven from the silk of 
this insect is loose and seemingly flimsy of texture, it is so wonderfully durable, that a garment 
is said te last during nearly an entire lifetime. 
Tue family of the Arctiidee, so called because some of the hair-covered larvee have a bear- 
like look, is represented in Europe by many examples, some being really handsome insects, 
and others remarkable for some peculiarity in themselves or the larvee. 
Perhaps the most curious example of this family is the Housr-surLpER Morn, which 
derives this name from its habits. It is common in many parts of the West Indies, and is in 
some places so plentiful as to do considerable damage to the fruit-trees. As soon as the larva 
is hatched from the egg, it sets to work in building its habitation ; and even before it begins to 
feed, this industrious insect begins to work. The house is made of bits of wood and leaves, 
bound together with silken threads secreted in the interior. When the creature is small, and 
the house of no great weight, it is carried nearly upright ; but when it attains size and conse- 
quent weight, it lies flat and is dragged along in that attitude. The entrance of this curious 
habitation is so made that the sides can be drawn together, and whenever the creature feels 
alarmed, it pulls its cords and so secures itself from foes. 
Tor Logster-MoTH derives its name from the grotesque exterior of the caterpillar. This 
larva is one of the oddest imaginable forms, hardly to be taken for a caterpillar by one who 
