452 THE ARMED CRAB. 
edge of the water. They seem to rejoice in the hottest rays of the tropical sun, and run about 
nimbly hither and thither, with the sunbeams flashing on their wet bodies. They are all wary 
and timid beings, betaking themselves to the water on the least alarm, and flinging themselves 
into the waves with such force that their flat bodies skim for some little distance over the 
surface, much as the flying squirrel skims through the air between two trees. While running 
along, they strike their claws against each other as if for the purpose of menacing their 
pursuer, and when a number of these crabs are startled in one locality, the clatter which they 
make is surprising. The color of the Painted Crab is reddish, covered with spots and variega- 
tions of yellow. It is not at all a large species, the carapace being seldom more than two 
inches in length. 
The Painted Crab resembles closely a species that inhabits the waters of the Gulf. At 
Fort Jefferson, Tortugas Islands, we were continually amused by the actions of these Crabs. 
They were called Spider Crabs, not from their slenderness, but from a resemblance to the 
Hunting or Zebra Spiders (Sa/¢icus), and particularly from the singularly furtive movements 
that characterize that group of spiders. Being amphibious, they wouid be found usually 
upon the brick walls or piers of the fort. When approached they suddenly flattened them- 
selves closely against the surface, and their antenne or eyestalks moved quickly, as we have 
seen those of the above named spiders. 
Two remarkable species of Crabs are the CresTED and the ARMED CRAB. 
The former, a curious animal, inhabits Japan. Most of the species of this genus are 
found in the hot parts of the world, such as the Sandwich Islands, the Mauritius, and the 
West Indies. The whole shape of this creature is strange in the extreme, its carapace being 
covered with all kinds of tubercles and spines, and edged with saw-like teeth. Even the 
claws are covered with unexpected spikes and tubercles, and when folded in front of the body, 
assume a very crest-like aspect. The creature instinctively makes use of its extraordinary 
shape for the purpose of concealment, and when it is alarmed, it tucks its legs away under the 
broad carapace, folds its claws over its front, and remains perfectly motionless in spite of all 
annoyances. A sailor has been known to find one of these crabs on the sea-shore, to take 
it for a curious stone, and so to put it in his pocket. Some time afterwards, when he had laid 
down the supposed stone, he was not a little surprised to see it put forth a number of legs, 
and run away at best speed. 
The name of Crested Crab is given to this species in allusion to the form of the closed 
claws. 
The Armed Crab is also a native of Japan and China, and belongs to the same family as 
the preceding animal. The chief peculiarity in this creature are the four sharp spines with 
which the carapace is armed, those at the side being of very great dimensions, each measuring 
half the length of the body. The claws are sharp and powerful, and are formed in a manner 
somewhat resembling the same members in the crested crab. 
Allusion has more than once been made to the power of voluntarily throwing off a limb, a 
faculty which is inherent in all the crustacea, but in some species is prevalent to a wonderful 
degree. The land-crabs, for example, will always sacrifice their best claw as a means of 
purchasing safety, and seem able to part with almost any number of legs without feeling the 
loss. If, for example, a land-crab or mud-crab be taken up by the legs it suddenly shakes 
itself loose, leaving in the captor’s hands the limbs which he has grasped, and making off 
with the remainder. The animal always throws off its limbs at one of the joints, seeming to 
achieve the feat by a sudden muscular contraction, like the movement which shakes off a 
blind-worm’s tail, snaps away the wings from a flying ant, or breaks up the whole anatomy of 
a brittle-star into fragments. If the limbs be cut or severed between two of the joints, there 
is a flow of blood, and the creature seems to feel the injury acutely. It soon, however, heals 
itself by shaking off the injured portion at the joint immediately below the wound, and then 
seems to recover itself from the shock. This faculty is very needful to creatures who depend 
upon their claws for obtaining food, and who are so quarrelsome in disposition. As has 
already been mentioned, the crustaceans fight terribly, and in those cases where the combat is 
