THE SPOTTED LEUCOSIA. 453 
not @ 7 outrance, both parties have usually to deplore a limb or two crushed in the nippers of 
the opponent. Were no means provided for replacing the injured members, the poor creatures 
would die of starvation, as would an elephant if deprived of his proboscis, or a lion whose feet 
had been cut off and teeth drawn. 
Every injured limb, therefore, is at once discarded at some joint, no bleeding takes place, 
and the stump heals almost immediately. After a short time, a little button seems to be 
protruding from the joint, and before many days have passed, a very small but perfect claw 
is seen to protrude. This new member grows regularly though slowly, and so in process of 
time the creature is re-supplied with its full complement of limbs. Every one has noticed 
the frequent inequality in the size of lobsters’ claws, how one side is armed with a huge 
weapon nearly as large asa man’s hand, while the other can only boast of a puny, soft-shelled 
claw an inch or so in length. This inequality is the result of some injury that has been 
inflicted on the limb from which the little claw has sprouted, and in almost every instance the 
original claw has been lost in battle. After the moult, and the induing of a fresh suit of 
armor, the growth of the new claw proceeds more rapidly. 
It must be noticed that this power of reproduction of a lost or injured members always 
denotes that the creature possessing this capability is not very highly organized. Very few of 
the vertebrates, and those mostly belonging to the reptiles, are able to reproduce a lost member, 
and even in these few instances, the restorative power is very limited. A very few examples 
have been recorded where a limb has been lost and replaced, but such phenomena are extremely 
rare, and can only be locked upon as variations from the usual system. 
The faculty of avoiding danger by closing all the joints of the limbs and merging them as 
far as possible under the carapace, is carried to a wonderful extent in the TorToIsE-cRAB, a 
crustacean that derives its popular.title from its general similitude to the reptile from which 
it derives its name. There are, indeed, many of the tortoise tribe which are not able to enclose 
themselves nearly so perfectly as does this crab, and excepting the box-tortoise, there is perhaps 
none that exceeds it in the very perfect concealment of all vestige of their limbs. The 
carapace is wide, flattened at the edges, and dome-like in shape, so as to afford a perfect 
cover to the limbs. Owing to the manner in which these crabs conceal their limbs, Cuvier 
called them by the appropriate name of Cryptopods, or Hidden Feet. In all of these creatures 
the carapace is domed or vaulted, so as to form a shelter for the legs, while in the typical 
genus, the claw-feet are very large and compressed, with a decided upper edge which is 
notched or toothed so as to form a crest. The French know these crabs by various names, 
such as Migranes, Cogs de mer, and Crabes honteux. 
The claws are broad, flattish, notched at the edge, and scooped in a peculiar fashion, so 
that when folded over the body they exactly fit to the shell, as if they were part of the same 
piece. Two sides of this species are given in order to show the crab in its upper and under 
aspects. The Tortoise-crab is a native of the Mauritius. 
Crested and Armed Crabs, and the Tortoise-crab (Camara), are found on the Florida Reef. 
The latter reminds one strongly of the box-tortoise, its parts shut so admirably together. 
The creature seen from above, appears when at rest or alarmed, as if there were no limbs. 
In the family of the Leucosiide, the carapace is more or less rounded, and projects some- 
what in front. 
The URANIA-CRAB is an example of the typical genus. It has a smooth carapace with 
rounded edges, and the claw limbs are very large and powerful in proportion to the size of 
the body. On their edges they are covered with rounded tubercles, and one or two of these 
projections are scattered upon the surface of several joints. In all these crabs, the apertures 
through which water passes to cover the gills are in the form of canals. One curious char- 
acteristic of these crustaceans is that the external antennze are very small indeed, and are 
‘inserted in a narrow but deep notch near the eyes. In common with nearly all this genus, 
it is a native of Philippines. 
A much smaller species of the same genus is called Sporrep Levcosta (Leucosia herma- 
tostica). In it are observable the same characteristics which have already been mentioned, 
