498 THE WOLF-SPIDER. 
attributable to a similar cause. As soon as the music ceased to play, the patients ceased to 
dance, and fell back into the profound stupor from which the brisk sounds had aroused them. 
The disease was evidently a nervous affection, tending to propagate itself, like chorea and hys- 
teria at the present day, and, in fact, seems to be little more or less than a rather aggravated 
form of the former of these maladies—if, indeed, they are not different developments of the 
same ailments. 
That the tarantismus should be cured by music and consequent dancing, is a natural 
result. The patient indulged in long and continuous exercise, fell into a violent perspiration, 
fell exhausted, slept calmly, and awoke cured. The Spider, upon whom the odium of this 
strange disease rested, is perfectly innocent, being as harmless to man as any other Spider, 
and only formidable to the insects on which it preys. 
Another species of Lycosa, inhabiting the south of France, has sometimes been confounded 
with the true Tarantula of Italy. The habits of this species have been carefully studied by 
M. Olivier, and have afforded some interesting details respecting the economy of the creature. 
It frequents dry and uncultivated soils, and sinks therein a little pit, of a depth varying with 
its size and the length of its residence. The interior of this cell is strengthened with a web. 
At the entrance of this burrow it sits watching for its prey, and as soon as an unfortunate 
insect passes within range, it darts forward, seizes it in its talons, and bears the victim away 
to its den, where it feasts in peace and solitude. 
The female is a kind parent, and extremely fond of her eggs and young. She envelopes 
the eggs in silk, and forms them into a globular ball, which she always carries about with her 
until the young are hatched. When the time comes for the little spiders to make their 
appearance in the world, the mother tears open the envelope, and so aids her young to escape. 
As soon as they are fairly cut of the egg, they transfer themselves to the body of their parent, 
where they cling in such numbers, that she is hardly visible under her swarming brood, They 
remain with their mother through the winter, and in the following spring the bonds of mutual 
affection are loosened, and the young disperse to seek their own living. 
A Wolf-spider, termed Lycosa andrenivora, derives its name from its habit of killing 
the smaller bees, such as the andrena and its kin. It is mostly found in old pastures and 
commons, and its color is extremely variable, though brown and yellow are the prevailing 
tints. A very common species (Lz/cesa campestris) may be seen plentifully in all meadows 
and pasture-lands, or even on the lawns in our gardens. It is a brisk and nimble creature, 
running quickly along, as, indeed, is needful fora being that depends on its agility for its 
living. 
About June, the female has made up her little packet of eggs, inclosed in a snowy-white 
silken envelope, and carries this burden about wherever she goes. Nothing will separate her 
from her eggs. If the packet is forcibly removed, 
she remains on the spot, hunting in every direction, 
and evidently suffering great distress; and if the 
white ball be laid near her, she soon spies it, darts 
at it almost fiercely, and carries it off. Her affection 
for her ege-ball is, however, quite instinctive ; like 
the feeling which induces a hen to sit upon a piece 
of white chalk, which she takes for an egg. Ifa 
little bit of white cotton-wool be rolled up so as to 
resemble the lost egg-packet, the spider will seize it 
and make off with it, not at all suspecting the 
WOLF-SPIDER.—Lycosa saccata. Female with the egg-sac. Mag- imposition. 
nified representation of the eyes as seen from behind, beneath. There are, on an average, about one hundred 
egos in each packet. They are quite round, and 
very tiny, like the palest yellow translucent dust shot; and their silken covering is drawn 
so tight, that their globular forms give it an appearance of being embossed. The color of this 
species is greenish-brown, with a few little dark spots, and the body is also banded and spotted 
with yellowish-brown of various shades. 

