1882.] CORALS FROM MADEIRA. 217 



the other half the higher orders are not developed. The pali follow 

 the ordinary rule, and are before the tertiary septa in all systems 

 where the higher orders are fully developed ; and consequently there 

 are eleven long, narrow, wavy, very distinct, and well-developed 

 pali. 



There is a decided endotheca just within the margin, whose edge 

 is somewhat inverted ; and it covers some of the pali and occludes 

 several interseptal loculi. In other parts dissepiments may be seen 

 stretching between the septa. The costse are numerous at the base, 

 and are in hues of granules or in faint ridges. Near the calice the 

 costse of the larger septa are the most projecting; and all are marked 

 with granules, which, in some instances, assume a serpentine arrange- 

 ment. There are faint traces of a pellicular epitheca. 



Height of coral -^^ inch, length of calice -^-^ inch. 



From Madeira. 



Subfamily Trochocyathacece. 



Genus Paracyathus, Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1848. 



Paracyathtjs striattjs, Philippi, sp. 



Several specimens of this widely-distributed form, with unlobed 

 pali and well-developed costse, are from Madeira. The species is 

 common in the Mediterranean and in the Caribbean Sea. 



Subfamily Turbinolince. 



There are four specimens of a simple coral in the collection from 

 Madeira, which were dredged at a depth of 30 fathoms in Funchal 

 Bay ; and they represent three stages of the growth of the species. 



Genus Ceratotrochus, Milne-Edwards & Jules Haime, 1848. 

 Ceratotrochtjs johnsoni, sp. nov. (Plate VIII. figs. 5-8.) 

 The coral is horn-shaped, bent, and has several growth-rings on 

 it ; it was attached by a narrow circular base, which has broken 

 from its support. The cahce is wider than the rest of the body, is 

 almost circular in outline, and its marginal wall is thin. The axial 

 space is wide and deep ; the septa are thin, wide apart, and rather 

 bent ; they are unequal, very slightly exsert, and do not reach far into 

 the calice except in the instance of the larger ones. There are 

 several quite rudimentary septa in some parts of the calice ; but 

 they correspond to costse which are much larger in every respect. 

 Omitting these, the septa are twenty-seven in number, and counting 

 them, are forty-four in all. The arrangement in cycles is irregular ; 

 and there appear to be five primaries only. The margin between 

 the septa has a festooned edge ; and the interseptal spaces are 

 wide. It is at the lowest point of the concavity of the festoon that 

 the minute septa arise. The tertiary septa are smaller than the 

 secondaries, and they project well from the wall and reach down 

 into the depths of the calice. The septa are rounded above ; their 

 edge is rather straight within ; and they are sometimes bent ; and 



